TY - JOUR

T1 - Red blood cell fatty acid patterns from 7 countries

T2 - Focus on the Omega-3 index

AU - Schuchardt, Jan Philipp

AU - Cerrato, Marianna

AU - Ceseri, Martina

AU - DeFina, Laura F

AU - Delgado, Graciela E

AU - Gellert, Sandra

AU - Hahn, Andreas

AU - Howard, Barbara V

AU - Kadota, Aya

AU - Kleber, Marcus E

AU - Latini, Roberto

AU - Maerz, Winfried

AU - Manson, JoAnn E

AU - Mora, Samia

AU - Park, Yongsoon

AU - Sala-Vila, Aleix

AU - von Schacky, Clemens

AU - Sekikawa, Akira

AU - Tintle, Nathan

AU - Tucker, Katherine L

AU - Vasan, Ramachandran S

AU - Harris, William S

N1 - Funding Information: The ERA JUMP study was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (JP21890108) and the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (B 16,790,335 and A 13,307,016). Further, the ERA JUMP study is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute , NIH, US Department of Health and Human Services (R01 HL068200). The WHI program is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute , NIH, US Department of Health and Human Services (HSN268201100046C, HHSN268201100001C, HHSN268201100002C, HSN268201100003C, HHSN268201100004C, and HHSN271201100004C). The Framingham Offspring and Gen 3 studies were supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute , NIH, US Department of Health and Human Services (NHLBI; R01 HL089590, and N01-HC-25,195), the Framingham Heart Study (NHLBI) and Boston University School of Medicine. The GOCADAN study in Alaska was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute , NIH, US Department of Health and Human Services (R01-HL64244, U01 HL082458, U01 HL082490, and M10RR0047–34 GCRC). The BPRHS study was supported by NIH grants P01-AG023394, P50-HL105185, and R01-AG027087. The VITAL study was supported by grants U01 CA138962, R01 CA138962, DK112940, and R01HL134811 which included support from the National Cancer Institute , National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the US. The LURIC study was supported by the 7th Framework Program (integrated projects AtheroRemo, grant agreement No 201,668 and RiskyCAD, grant agreement No 305,739) of the European Union and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERA-Net Cofund action N° 727,565 (OCTOPUS project) and TO_AITION (grant agreement No 848,146). The work of M.E.K and W.M. was supported as part of the Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant number 01EA1411A). The Korean study was supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korean Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI) funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare , Republic of Korea (HI15C3153), and the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (KRF-2008–313-C00279, NRF-2012 R1A1A2040553, NRF-2015 R1D1A1A09060823, NRF-2018 R1A2B6002486, and NRF-2021 R1A2B5B02002208). The VMF study was supported by Rottapharm Madaus GmbH (Cologne, Germany) – now a part of Meda AB (Bad Homburg, Germany). The GISSI-HF study was funded by Società Prodotti Antibiotici (SPA; Italy), Pfizer, Sigma Tau, and AstraZeneca.

PY - 2022/4

Y1 - 2022/4

N2 - Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid (FA) patterns are becoming recognized as long-term biomarkers of tissue FA composition, but different analytical methods have complicated inter-study and international comparisons. Here we report RBC FA data, with a focus on the Omega-3 Index (EPA + DHA in% of total FAs in RBC), from samples of seven countries (USA, Canada, Italy, Spain, Germany, South Korea, and Japan) including 167,347 individuals (93% of all samples were from the US). FA data were generated by a uniform methodology from a variety of interventional and observational studies and from clinical laboratories. The cohorts differed in size, demographics, health status, and year of collection. Only the Canadian cohort was a formal, representative population-based survey. The mean Omega-3 Index of each country was categorized as desirable (>8%), moderate (>6% to 8%), low (>4% to 6%), or very low (≤4%). Only cohorts from Alaska (treated separately from the US), South Korea and Japan showed a desirable Omega-3 Index. The Spanish cohort had a moderate Omega-3 Index, while cohorts from the US, Canada, Italy, and Germany were all classified as low. This study is limited by the use of cohorts of convenience and small sample sizes in some countries. Countries undertaking national health status studies should utilize a uniform method to measure Omega-3 FA levels.

AB - Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid (FA) patterns are becoming recognized as long-term biomarkers of tissue FA composition, but different analytical methods have complicated inter-study and international comparisons. Here we report RBC FA data, with a focus on the Omega-3 Index (EPA + DHA in% of total FAs in RBC), from samples of seven countries (USA, Canada, Italy, Spain, Germany, South Korea, and Japan) including 167,347 individuals (93% of all samples were from the US). FA data were generated by a uniform methodology from a variety of interventional and observational studies and from clinical laboratories. The cohorts differed in size, demographics, health status, and year of collection. Only the Canadian cohort was a formal, representative population-based survey. The mean Omega-3 Index of each country was categorized as desirable (>8%), moderate (>6% to 8%), low (>4% to 6%), or very low (≤4%). Only cohorts from Alaska (treated separately from the US), South Korea and Japan showed a desirable Omega-3 Index. The Spanish cohort had a moderate Omega-3 Index, while cohorts from the US, Canada, Italy, and Germany were all classified as low. This study is limited by the use of cohorts of convenience and small sample sizes in some countries. Countries undertaking national health status studies should utilize a uniform method to measure Omega-3 FA levels.

KW - DHA

KW - EPA

KW - Erythrocyte

KW - Fatty acid

KW - Fish intake

KW - Omega-3 Index

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127119172&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102418

DO - 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102418

M3 - Article

C2 - 35366625

VL - 179

JO - Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

JF - Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

SN - 0952-3278

M1 - 102418

ER -