TY - JOUR

T1 - Prediction of the Diplocarpon rosae secretome reveals candidate genes for effectors and virulence factors

AU - Neu, Enzo

AU - Debener, Thomas

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Jasper Rees and Jonathan Featherston for their cooperation on the genome sequence of D. rosae and their continuous interest in this project. We are grateful for the funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the GRK1798 “Signaling at the Plant-Soil Interface” (Grant number: GRK 1798/1 ).

PY - 2019/3

Y1 - 2019/3

N2 - Rose black spot is one of the most severe diseases of field-grown roses. Though R-genes have been characterised, little information is known about the molecular details of the interaction between pathogen and host. Based on the recently published genome sequence of the black spot fungus, we analysed gene models with various bioinformatic tools utilising the expression data of infected host tissues, which led to the prediction of 827 secreted proteins. A significant proportion of the predicted secretome comprises enzymes for the degradation of cell wall components, several of which were highly expressed during the first infection stages. As the secretome comprises major factors determining the ability of the fungus to colonise its host, we focused our further analyses on predicted effector candidates. In total, 52 sequences of 251 effector candidates matched several bioinformatic criteria of effectors, contained a Y/F/WxC motif, and did not match annotated proteins from other fungi. Additional sequences were identified based on their high expression levels during the penetration/haustorium formation phase and/or by matching known effectors from other fungi. Several host genotypes that are resistant to the sequenced isolate but differ in the R-genes responsible for this resistance are available. The combination of these genotypes with functional studies of the identified candidate effectors will allow the mechanisms of the rose black spot interaction to be dissected.

AB - Rose black spot is one of the most severe diseases of field-grown roses. Though R-genes have been characterised, little information is known about the molecular details of the interaction between pathogen and host. Based on the recently published genome sequence of the black spot fungus, we analysed gene models with various bioinformatic tools utilising the expression data of infected host tissues, which led to the prediction of 827 secreted proteins. A significant proportion of the predicted secretome comprises enzymes for the degradation of cell wall components, several of which were highly expressed during the first infection stages. As the secretome comprises major factors determining the ability of the fungus to colonise its host, we focused our further analyses on predicted effector candidates. In total, 52 sequences of 251 effector candidates matched several bioinformatic criteria of effectors, contained a Y/F/WxC motif, and did not match annotated proteins from other fungi. Additional sequences were identified based on their high expression levels during the penetration/haustorium formation phase and/or by matching known effectors from other fungi. Several host genotypes that are resistant to the sequenced isolate but differ in the R-genes responsible for this resistance are available. The combination of these genotypes with functional studies of the identified candidate effectors will allow the mechanisms of the rose black spot interaction to be dissected.

KW - Black spot

KW - Effector prediction

KW - Fungi

KW - Plant cell wall-degrading enzymes

KW - Plant-pathogen interaction

KW - Roses

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85059346995&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.12.003

DO - 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.12.003

M3 - Article

C2 - 30798878

AN - SCOPUS:85059346995

VL - 123

SP - 231

EP - 239

JO - Fungal biology

JF - Fungal biology

SN - 1878-6146

IS - 3

ER -