Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in citrus fruit irrigated with fresh water under arid conditions: Concentrations, sources, and risk assessment

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelForschungPeer-Review

Autoren

  • Anwar Jiries
  • Farh Al-Nasir
  • Tahani J. Hijazin
  • Mutaz Al-Alawi
  • Loubna El Fels
  • Amal Mayyas
  • Rasha Al-Dmour
  • Osama Y. Al-Madanat

Organisationseinheiten

Externe Organisationen

  • University of Mutah
  • Universite Cadi Ayyad
  • American University of Madaba
Forschungs-netzwerk anzeigen

Details

OriginalspracheEnglisch
Aufsatznummer104027
Seitenumfang17
FachzeitschriftArabian Journal of Chemistry
Jahrgang15
Ausgabenummer9
Frühes Online-Datum1 Juni 2022
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - Sept. 2022

Abstract

In Jordan, as well as in all the world countries, consumption of citrus fruits is an essential part of the daily diet, so it is important to assess the potential risk of the persistent organic pollutants such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in these fruits to the human health and identify their sources in order to eliminate or reduce them. This study reports 16 priority PAHs content in four types of peeled citrus fruits grown in Jordan valley. PAHs were detected in all the studied samples in variable quantities depending on the type of citrus fruits. The results showed that the highest PAH level corresponded to acenaphthene (35.018 µg/kg) in grapefruit. Among the carcinogenic PAHs, benzo[a]anthracene (BaA) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) were the most representative and found in all the analyzed fruit, soil, and water samples, whereas anthracene (ANT) was not detected at all. The mean ∑16 PAHs for the different fruits were found to be 62.593 µg kg−1 in grapefruit, 24.840 µg kg−1 in lemon, 22.901 µg kg−1 in mandarin, and 5.082 µg kg−1 in orange. The dominance of naphthalene (NAP) and acenaphthene (ACE) in soil under hot climatic conditions indicates the recent and continuous input of these types in the investigated area. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) for ∑16 PAHs was observed in the order of grapefruit > lemon > mandarin > orange. Based on the results of the principal component analysis (PCA), the primary sources of PAHs in agricultural soils mainly originated from biomass burning and vehicular emissions. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) indicated that consumption of these four citrus fruits may expose human health to potential cancer risk. The findings of this study call the policymakers and public administrations to the formulation of stringent policies and actions to control biomass burning and vehicular emissions.

Zitieren

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in citrus fruit irrigated with fresh water under arid conditions: Concentrations, sources, and risk assessment. / Jiries, Anwar; Al-Nasir, Farh; Hijazin, Tahani J. et al.
in: Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Jahrgang 15, Nr. 9, 104027, 09.2022.

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelForschungPeer-Review

Jiries, A., Al-Nasir, F., Hijazin, T. J., Al-Alawi, M., El Fels, L., Mayyas, A., Al-Dmour, R., & Al-Madanat, O. Y. (2022). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in citrus fruit irrigated with fresh water under arid conditions: Concentrations, sources, and risk assessment. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(9), Artikel 104027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104027
Jiries A, Al-Nasir F, Hijazin TJ, Al-Alawi M, El Fels L, Mayyas A et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in citrus fruit irrigated with fresh water under arid conditions: Concentrations, sources, and risk assessment. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2022 Sep;15(9):104027. Epub 2022 Jun 1. doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104027
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title = "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in citrus fruit irrigated with fresh water under arid conditions: Concentrations, sources, and risk assessment",
abstract = "In Jordan, as well as in all the world countries, consumption of citrus fruits is an essential part of the daily diet, so it is important to assess the potential risk of the persistent organic pollutants such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in these fruits to the human health and identify their sources in order to eliminate or reduce them. This study reports 16 priority PAHs content in four types of peeled citrus fruits grown in Jordan valley. PAHs were detected in all the studied samples in variable quantities depending on the type of citrus fruits. The results showed that the highest PAH level corresponded to acenaphthene (35.018 µg/kg) in grapefruit. Among the carcinogenic PAHs, benzo[a]anthracene (BaA) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) were the most representative and found in all the analyzed fruit, soil, and water samples, whereas anthracene (ANT) was not detected at all. The mean ∑16 PAHs for the different fruits were found to be 62.593 µg kg−1 in grapefruit, 24.840 µg kg−1 in lemon, 22.901 µg kg−1 in mandarin, and 5.082 µg kg−1 in orange. The dominance of naphthalene (NAP) and acenaphthene (ACE) in soil under hot climatic conditions indicates the recent and continuous input of these types in the investigated area. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) for ∑16 PAHs was observed in the order of grapefruit > lemon > mandarin > orange. Based on the results of the principal component analysis (PCA), the primary sources of PAHs in agricultural soils mainly originated from biomass burning and vehicular emissions. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) indicated that consumption of these four citrus fruits may expose human health to potential cancer risk. The findings of this study call the policymakers and public administrations to the formulation of stringent policies and actions to control biomass burning and vehicular emissions.",
keywords = "Agricultural soils, Environment, Fruit, PAHs, Risk assessment, Source identification",
author = "Anwar Jiries and Farh Al-Nasir and Hijazin, {Tahani J.} and Mutaz Al-Alawi and {El Fels}, Loubna and Amal Mayyas and Rasha Al-Dmour and Al-Madanat, {Osama Y.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the Scientific Research and Innovation Support Fund (SRISF), Amman, Jordan, for research funding, project number: WE/2/6/2015. The publication of this article was funded by the Open Access Publishing Fund of Leibniz Universit{\"a}t Hannover .",
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journal = "Arabian Journal of Chemistry",
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TY - JOUR

T1 - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in citrus fruit irrigated with fresh water under arid conditions

T2 - Concentrations, sources, and risk assessment

AU - Jiries, Anwar

AU - Al-Nasir, Farh

AU - Hijazin, Tahani J.

AU - Al-Alawi, Mutaz

AU - El Fels, Loubna

AU - Mayyas, Amal

AU - Al-Dmour, Rasha

AU - Al-Madanat, Osama Y.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the Scientific Research and Innovation Support Fund (SRISF), Amman, Jordan, for research funding, project number: WE/2/6/2015. The publication of this article was funded by the Open Access Publishing Fund of Leibniz Universität Hannover .

PY - 2022/9

Y1 - 2022/9

N2 - In Jordan, as well as in all the world countries, consumption of citrus fruits is an essential part of the daily diet, so it is important to assess the potential risk of the persistent organic pollutants such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in these fruits to the human health and identify their sources in order to eliminate or reduce them. This study reports 16 priority PAHs content in four types of peeled citrus fruits grown in Jordan valley. PAHs were detected in all the studied samples in variable quantities depending on the type of citrus fruits. The results showed that the highest PAH level corresponded to acenaphthene (35.018 µg/kg) in grapefruit. Among the carcinogenic PAHs, benzo[a]anthracene (BaA) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) were the most representative and found in all the analyzed fruit, soil, and water samples, whereas anthracene (ANT) was not detected at all. The mean ∑16 PAHs for the different fruits were found to be 62.593 µg kg−1 in grapefruit, 24.840 µg kg−1 in lemon, 22.901 µg kg−1 in mandarin, and 5.082 µg kg−1 in orange. The dominance of naphthalene (NAP) and acenaphthene (ACE) in soil under hot climatic conditions indicates the recent and continuous input of these types in the investigated area. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) for ∑16 PAHs was observed in the order of grapefruit > lemon > mandarin > orange. Based on the results of the principal component analysis (PCA), the primary sources of PAHs in agricultural soils mainly originated from biomass burning and vehicular emissions. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) indicated that consumption of these four citrus fruits may expose human health to potential cancer risk. The findings of this study call the policymakers and public administrations to the formulation of stringent policies and actions to control biomass burning and vehicular emissions.

AB - In Jordan, as well as in all the world countries, consumption of citrus fruits is an essential part of the daily diet, so it is important to assess the potential risk of the persistent organic pollutants such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in these fruits to the human health and identify their sources in order to eliminate or reduce them. This study reports 16 priority PAHs content in four types of peeled citrus fruits grown in Jordan valley. PAHs were detected in all the studied samples in variable quantities depending on the type of citrus fruits. The results showed that the highest PAH level corresponded to acenaphthene (35.018 µg/kg) in grapefruit. Among the carcinogenic PAHs, benzo[a]anthracene (BaA) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) were the most representative and found in all the analyzed fruit, soil, and water samples, whereas anthracene (ANT) was not detected at all. The mean ∑16 PAHs for the different fruits were found to be 62.593 µg kg−1 in grapefruit, 24.840 µg kg−1 in lemon, 22.901 µg kg−1 in mandarin, and 5.082 µg kg−1 in orange. The dominance of naphthalene (NAP) and acenaphthene (ACE) in soil under hot climatic conditions indicates the recent and continuous input of these types in the investigated area. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) for ∑16 PAHs was observed in the order of grapefruit > lemon > mandarin > orange. Based on the results of the principal component analysis (PCA), the primary sources of PAHs in agricultural soils mainly originated from biomass burning and vehicular emissions. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) indicated that consumption of these four citrus fruits may expose human health to potential cancer risk. The findings of this study call the policymakers and public administrations to the formulation of stringent policies and actions to control biomass burning and vehicular emissions.

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KW - Environment

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KW - PAHs

KW - Risk assessment

KW - Source identification

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