TY - JOUR

T1 - Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in Schlumbergera truncata

AU - Al-Ramamneh, Ezz Al Dein

AU - Sriskandarajah, Sridevy

AU - Serek, Margrethe

N1 - Funding Information: The project was supported by a PhD Grant from Al Balqa Applied University in Jordan, additional Grants from University of Hannover, Danish Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries in Denmark (93s-2466-Å01-01430) and Danish Schlumbergera Growers and Breeders: Gartneriet Thoruplund A/ S (Odense), Rohdes Gartneri A/S (Kerteminde), Gartneriet PKM ApS (Odense), and Hansson DK (Søndersø). The authors would like to thank Dr Traud Winkelmann and Dr Stefan Frello for critical review of the manuscript.

PY - 2006/3/22

Y1 - 2006/3/22

N2 - Somatic embryogenesis was induced from phylloclade explants of Schlumbergera truncata cv. Russian Dancer. Callus developed on phylloclade explants and sub-cultured over a period of 16 months on MS medium containing mainly cytokinins was superior for the induction of somatic embryos compared to callus grown for a shorter time in the establishment medium. Sub-culture of callus grown in SH-or MS-based liquid media supplemented with 7.0 μM kinetin and transferred onto solid MS-based medium with either 0.45 μM 2,4-D or without hormones resulted in the differentiation into somatic embryos. SH-based medium proved better than MS-based medium when used as the first medium for the induction of somatic embryogenesis. However, somatic embryogenesis, contrary to adventitious shoot formation, was reduced when 2,4-D was included in the MS-based medium used for final transfer compared to the medium without growth regulators, indicating that a critical hormonal balance was reached. Somatic embryos developed root and shoot poles when grown on G medium. On this medium approximately 70% germination was recorded in the embryos that were differentiated earlier from the callus that was grown for a longer time in the establishment medium. This callus was grown on either SH- or MS-based medium supplemented with 7.0 μM kinetin, and then transferred after 30 days (from SH medium) onto MS medium without hormones or after 40 days (from MS medium) onto MS medium with 0.45 μM 2,4-D. Furthermore, plants from somatic embryos were successfully potted in soil and showed further growth and formation of a second set of phylloclades (secondary phylloclades). Histological studies showed that somatic embryos had no detectable connection with the mother explants and that advanced stages of somatic embryos had a contained vascular system. In addition to the normal dicotyledonous embryos, anomalous embryos with multiple cotyledons and vase-like embryos were observed. Secondary embryos were also recorded in this study.

AB - Somatic embryogenesis was induced from phylloclade explants of Schlumbergera truncata cv. Russian Dancer. Callus developed on phylloclade explants and sub-cultured over a period of 16 months on MS medium containing mainly cytokinins was superior for the induction of somatic embryos compared to callus grown for a shorter time in the establishment medium. Sub-culture of callus grown in SH-or MS-based liquid media supplemented with 7.0 μM kinetin and transferred onto solid MS-based medium with either 0.45 μM 2,4-D or without hormones resulted in the differentiation into somatic embryos. SH-based medium proved better than MS-based medium when used as the first medium for the induction of somatic embryogenesis. However, somatic embryogenesis, contrary to adventitious shoot formation, was reduced when 2,4-D was included in the MS-based medium used for final transfer compared to the medium without growth regulators, indicating that a critical hormonal balance was reached. Somatic embryos developed root and shoot poles when grown on G medium. On this medium approximately 70% germination was recorded in the embryos that were differentiated earlier from the callus that was grown for a longer time in the establishment medium. This callus was grown on either SH- or MS-based medium supplemented with 7.0 μM kinetin, and then transferred after 30 days (from SH medium) onto MS medium without hormones or after 40 days (from MS medium) onto MS medium with 0.45 μM 2,4-D. Furthermore, plants from somatic embryos were successfully potted in soil and showed further growth and formation of a second set of phylloclades (secondary phylloclades). Histological studies showed that somatic embryos had no detectable connection with the mother explants and that advanced stages of somatic embryos had a contained vascular system. In addition to the normal dicotyledonous embryos, anomalous embryos with multiple cotyledons and vase-like embryos were observed. Secondary embryos were also recorded in this study.

KW - Adventitious shoots

KW - Christmas cactus

KW - Multiple cotyledons

KW - Organogenesis

KW - Secondary embryos

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33646471435&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s11240-005-9042-6

DO - 10.1007/s11240-005-9042-6

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:33646471435

VL - 84

SP - 333

EP - 342

JO - Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture

JF - Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture

SN - 0167-6857

IS - 3

ER -