Phase extraction for laser interferometry in space phase readout schemes and optical testing

Publikation: Qualifikations-/Studienabschlussarbeit › Dissertation

Autoren

  • Thomas S Schwarze

Organisationseinheiten

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Details

OriginalspracheEnglisch
QualifikationDoctor rerum naturalium
Gradverleihende Hochschule
Betreut von
  • Karsten Danzmann, Betreuer*in
Datum der Verleihung des Grades17 Mai 2018
ErscheinungsortHannover
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - 2018

Abstract

Diese Arbeit wurde im Bereich Gravitationsphysik, oder genauer, in den Bereichen Gravitationswellenastronomie und Gravimetrie durchgeführt. Beide Bereiche nutzen oder werden in Zukunft Satellitenmissionen nutzen. Der geplante Gravitationswellendetektor Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) ist darauf ausgerichtet, Gravitationswellen im mHz Bereich zu messen, während Missionen wie Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) und Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) das Gravitationsfeld der Erde vermessen haben bzw. vermessen werden, um wertvolle Informationen für Hydrologie und Klimaforschung zu gewinnen. Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit behandelt die interferometrische Auslese in LISA und speziell die zugehörige Phasenextrahierung beziehungsweise das zugehörige Phasenmeter. Nach einer Zusammenfassung der Hauptprinzipien werden die Anforderung an Letzteres vorgestellt. Diese betreffen in erster Linie den Beitrag von Phasenrauschen, den dynamischen Bereich sowie die Bandbreite. Anschließend werden mögliche Testschemata diskutiert. Eines dieser Schemata, ein optischer Dreisignaltest, wurde in dieser Arbeit durchgeführt. Es ermöglicht die Überprüfung der Linearität des Phasenmeters. Ein Interferometer mit hexagonalem Grundriss, welches daher als Hexagon bezeichnet wird, dient als Hauptbaustein. In dieser Arbeit wird es genutzt, um einen Phasenmeterprototypen für LISA zu testen, welcher im Vorfeld dieser Arbeit entwickelt wurde. Eine ausführliche Suche nach Rauschquellen im Experiment wurde durchgeführt mit dem Ziel, diese zu beheben. Das wiederum ermöglichte eine Messung (10.23µrad/ √ Hz hinunter bis 4mHz), die Übereinstimmung mit der Anforderung für einen Auslesekanal in LISA zeigte, wenn diese auf die drei Kanäle des Dreisignaltests extrapoliert wird. Die Messung wurde mit Heterodynfrequenzen von 3–5.8MHz durchgeführt und zeigte einen dynamischen Bereich von sechs Größenordnungen. Eine Messung mit den erwarteten Signalparametern in LISA erfüllte die Anforderung im Messband abgesehen vom Intervall 0.4–20mHz. Hierbei erwiesen sich die genutzten Photoempfänger als limitierender Faktor. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit stellt die Entwicklung und Implementierung zweier Phasenausleseschemata für die Interferometrietechnik Deep Frequency Modulation Interferometry (DFMI) vor. Diese zielt auf eine hohe Skalierbarkeit und einen hohen dynamischen Bereich bei der interferometrischen Vermessung von Testmassenbewegungen ab. Dieses Verfahren kann für zukünftige Gravimetriemissionen oder in anderen Anwendungen genutzt werden. Zwei Auslesemethoden wurden untersucht. Die Erste baut auf einer Spektralanalyse mit nachfolgendem nichtlinearen Fit auf, während die zweite ein Extended Kalman Filter mit empirischer Zustandsraummodelierung darstellt. Erste Tests lieferten einen Funktionsnachweis in Form der Vermessung der Bewegung eines Spiegels. Des Weiteren wurde eine Genauigkeit von 4µrad/ √ Hz zwischen 0.1–1Hz festgestellt.

Zitieren

Phase extraction for laser interferometry in space phase readout schemes and optical testing. / Schwarze, Thomas S.
Hannover, 2018. 196 S.

Publikation: Qualifikations-/Studienabschlussarbeit › Dissertation

Schwarze, TS 2018, 'Phase extraction for laser interferometry in space phase readout schemes and optical testing', Doctor rerum naturalium, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover. https://doi.org/10.15488/4233
Schwarze, T. S. (2018). Phase extraction for laser interferometry in space phase readout schemes and optical testing. [Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover]. https://doi.org/10.15488/4233
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title = "Phase extraction for laser interferometry in space phase readout schemes and optical testing",
abstract = "This thesis was carried out in the area of gravitational physics, specifically in the fields of gravitational wave astronomy and gravimetry. Both fields do or will make use of satellite missions. The planned gravitational wave observatory Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) aims to detect gravitational waves in the mHz range while missions like the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) measured or will measure, respectively, the Earth{\textquoteright}s gravity field to obtain valuable information on hydrology and climate dynamics. The first part of this thesis deals with the heterodyne interferometric readout for LISA and, in particular, its phase extraction system or phasemeter. A summary of the basic principles is followed by a statement of the requirements for the latter. These concern in particular the phase noise contribution, dynamic range and bandwidth. Subsequently, possible testing schemes are being discussed. One experimentally investigated in the scope of this thesis is an optical three-signal test which provides the ability to probe for phasemeter linearity. It utilizes an interferometer of hexagonal footprint, thus called Hexagon, to probe an elegant breadboard model of the LISA phasemeter developed prior to this thesis. An extensive noise hunt was performed to reduce testbed noise. This, in turn, allowed for a measurement in accordance with the single channel LISA requirement extrapolated to three signals (10.23µrad/ √ Hz down to 4mHz). It was conducted with heterodyne frequencies of 3–5.8MHz and a dynamic range of six orders of magnitude. A measurement with full LISA-like values for these parameters did meet the targeted performance outside the Fourier frequency range 0.4–20mHz, inside of which the utilized photoreceivers were limiting. The second thesis part describes the development and implementation of two phase readout schemes for the interferometry technique Deep Frequency Modulation Interferometry (DFMI). The latter aims to provide high scalability and dynamic range in order to interferometrically track test masses in future gravimetry missions or other applications. Two phase extraction methods were investigated, one based on a spectral analysis followed by a non-linear fit, the other on an extended Kalman filter in conjunction with empiric state space modeling. First tests included proof-of-principle tracking of moving mirrors as well as demonstrated a performance of 4µrad/ √ Hz at 0.1–1Hz. ",
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