TY - JOUR

T1 - Perspectives of measuring gravitational effects of laser light and particle beams

AU - Spengler, Felix

AU - Rätzel, Dennis

AU - Braun, Daniel

N1 - Funding information: We thank Daniel Estève for discussion, correspondence and references, and for proposing the idea to look at pulses in a cavity; Werner Vogelsang for a discussion on particle accelerator beams, Nobuyuki Matsumoto and Eddy Collin for correspondence. DR acknowledges funding by the Marie Sk?odowska-Curie Action IF program—Project-Name ‘Phononic Quantum Sensors for Gravity” (PhoQuS-G)—Grant Number 832250. We acknowledge support by Open Access Publishing Fund of University of Tübingen.

PY - 2022/5/10

Y1 - 2022/5/10

N2 - We study possibilities of creation and detection of oscillating gravitational fields from lab-scale high energy, relativistic sources. The sources considered are high energy laser beams in an optical cavity and the ultra-relativistic proton bunches circulating in the beam of the large hadron collider (LHC) at CERN. These sources allow for signal frequencies much higher and far narrower in bandwidth than what most celestial sources produce. In addition, by modulating the beams, one can adjust the source frequency over a very broad range, from Hz to GHz. The gravitational field of these sources and responses of a variety of detectors are analyzed. We optimize a mechanical oscillator such as a pendulum or torsion balance as detector and find parameter regimes such that-combined with the planned high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC as a source-a signal-to-noise ratio substantially larger than 1 should be achievable at least in principle, neglecting all sources of technical noise. This opens new perspectives of studying general relativistic effects and possibly quantum-gravitational effects with ultra-relativistic, well-controlled terrestrial sources.

AB - We study possibilities of creation and detection of oscillating gravitational fields from lab-scale high energy, relativistic sources. The sources considered are high energy laser beams in an optical cavity and the ultra-relativistic proton bunches circulating in the beam of the large hadron collider (LHC) at CERN. These sources allow for signal frequencies much higher and far narrower in bandwidth than what most celestial sources produce. In addition, by modulating the beams, one can adjust the source frequency over a very broad range, from Hz to GHz. The gravitational field of these sources and responses of a variety of detectors are analyzed. We optimize a mechanical oscillator such as a pendulum or torsion balance as detector and find parameter regimes such that-combined with the planned high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC as a source-a signal-to-noise ratio substantially larger than 1 should be achievable at least in principle, neglecting all sources of technical noise. This opens new perspectives of studying general relativistic effects and possibly quantum-gravitational effects with ultra-relativistic, well-controlled terrestrial sources.

KW - gravitational nearfield

KW - laboratory studies of gravity

KW - laser pulse

KW - LHC

KW - linearized gravity

KW - optomechanics

KW - resonant mass detector

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129952862&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/1367-2630/ac5372

DO - 10.1088/1367-2630/ac5372

M3 - Article

VL - 24

JO - New journal of physics

JF - New journal of physics

SN - 1367-2630

IS - 5

M1 - 053021

ER -