TY - JOUR

T1 - Parametric multiphysics study of focus-variable silicone lenses

AU - Ziebehl, Arved

AU - Grabe, Tobias

AU - Biermann, Tobias

AU - Xia, Panpan

AU - Teves, Simon

AU - Lachmayer, Roland

N1 - Funding Information: Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur—School for Additive Manufacturing (SAM); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, under Germany’s Excellence Strategy within the Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (EXC 2122, Project ID 390833453). We heartily thank Felix Schweer [Institute of Plastics and Circular Economy (IKK), Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany] for his expertise and contribution to this study by conducting the tensile tests.

PY - 2023/10/11

Y1 - 2023/10/11

N2 - By exploiting their inherent elasticity, focus-variable silicone lenses shift their focal length reversibly when deformed. Although biconcave and meniscus lenses contribute to optical systems just as well as biconvex lenses, studies primarily revolve around the latter. Thus, we aim to reveal the focal length shifting potential of all aforementioned lens types. Covering a wide parameter range of varying lens curvature radii, we present a coupled mechanical and optical simulation in which a lens deformation is applied. The results show significant differences in focal length shifting effectiveness for different lens types. Within the domains of specific lens types, trends in this effectiveness emerge for different combinations of curvature radii. Matching these radii when incorporating adaptive silicone lenses in optical systems may guide optics engineers toward more effective system designs through this study.

AB - By exploiting their inherent elasticity, focus-variable silicone lenses shift their focal length reversibly when deformed. Although biconcave and meniscus lenses contribute to optical systems just as well as biconvex lenses, studies primarily revolve around the latter. Thus, we aim to reveal the focal length shifting potential of all aforementioned lens types. Covering a wide parameter range of varying lens curvature radii, we present a coupled mechanical and optical simulation in which a lens deformation is applied. The results show significant differences in focal length shifting effectiveness for different lens types. Within the domains of specific lens types, trends in this effectiveness emerge for different combinations of curvature radii. Matching these radii when incorporating adaptive silicone lenses in optical systems may guide optics engineers toward more effective system designs through this study.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85175419582&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1364/AO.499811

DO - 10.1364/AO.499811

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85175419582

VL - 62

SP - 7895

EP - 7903

JO - Applied optics

JF - Applied optics

SN - 1559-128X

IS - 30

ER -