TY - JOUR

T1 - Parallel FDTD Modeling of Nonlocality in Plasmonics

AU - Baxter, Joshua

AU - Lesina, Antonio Cala

AU - Ramunno, Lora

N1 - Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank Compute Canada and Scinet for computational resources and SOSCIP for their computational resources. We would also like to thank Dr. Jean-Michel Guay for his discussion on core–shell particles. A.C.L. acknowledges the Bundesministerium für Buldung und Furschung (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research) under the Tenure-Track Program, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy within the Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (EXC 2122, Project ID 390833453).

PY - 2020/12/21

Y1 - 2020/12/21

N2 - As nanofabrication techniques become more precise, with ever smaller feature sizes, the ability to model nonlocal effects in plasmonics becomes increasingly important. While nonlocal models based on hydrodynamics have been implemented using various computational electromagnetics techniques, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) version has remained elusive. Here we present a comprehensive FDTD implementation of nonlocal hydrodynamics, including for parallel computing. As a sub-nanometer step size is required to resolve nonlocal effects, a parallel implementation makes the computational cost of nonlocal FDTD more affordable. We first validate our algorithms for small spherical metallic particles, and find that nonlocality smears out staircasing artifacts at metal surfaces, increasing the accuracy over local models. We find this also for a larger nanostructure with sharp extrusions. The large size of this simulation, where nonlocal effects are clearly present, highlights the importance and impact of a parallel implementation in FDTD.

AB - As nanofabrication techniques become more precise, with ever smaller feature sizes, the ability to model nonlocal effects in plasmonics becomes increasingly important. While nonlocal models based on hydrodynamics have been implemented using various computational electromagnetics techniques, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) version has remained elusive. Here we present a comprehensive FDTD implementation of nonlocal hydrodynamics, including for parallel computing. As a sub-nanometer step size is required to resolve nonlocal effects, a parallel implementation makes the computational cost of nonlocal FDTD more affordable. We first validate our algorithms for small spherical metallic particles, and find that nonlocality smears out staircasing artifacts at metal surfaces, increasing the accuracy over local models. We find this also for a larger nanostructure with sharp extrusions. The large size of this simulation, where nonlocal effects are clearly present, highlights the importance and impact of a parallel implementation in FDTD.

KW - FDTD

KW - GNOR

KW - hydrodynamic plasma model

KW - nonlocality

KW - parallel computing

KW - plasmonics

KW - Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)

KW - generalized nonlocal optical response (GNOR)

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85098765987&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1109/TAP.2020.3044579

DO - 10.1109/TAP.2020.3044579

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85098765987

VL - 69

SP - 3982

EP - 3994

JO - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

JF - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

SN - 0018-926X

IS - 7

ER -