Mode of Action of Calcium in Reducing Macrocracking of Sweet Cherry Fruit

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelForschungPeer-Review

Autoren

  • Andreas Winkler
  • Pia Bunger
  • Paula Morales Lang
  • Christine Schumann
  • Martin Bruggenwirth
  • Moritz Knoche
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Details

OriginalspracheEnglisch
Seiten (von - bis)61-74
Seitenumfang14
FachzeitschriftJournal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
Jahrgang149
Ausgabenummer2
Frühes Online-Datum9 Feb. 2024
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - März 2024

Abstract

Rain cracking (hereinafter referred to as macrocracking) severely impacts the production of sweet cherry (Prunus avium). Calcium (Ca) sprays can reduce macrocracking, but the reported responses to Ca sprays are variable and inconsistent. The objective of this study was to establish the physiological mechanism through which Ca reduces macrocracking in sweet cherry fruit. Six spray applications of 50 mM CaCl2 had no effect on macrocracking (assessed using a standardized immersion assay) despite a 28% increase in the Ca-to-dry mass ratio. Similarly, during another experiment, there was no effect of up to nine Ca sprays on macrocracking, although the Ca-to-dry mass ratio increased as the number of applications increased. In contrast, CaCl2 spray applications during simulated rain (in a fog chamber) significantly reduced the proportion of macrocracked fruit. Additionally, immersion of fruit in CaCl2 decreased macrocracking in a concentration-dependent manner. Monitoring macrocrack extension using image analysis revealed that the rate of macrocrack extension decreased markedly as the CaCl2 concentration increased. This effect was significant at concentrations as low as 1 mM CaCl2. Decreased anthocyanin leakage, decreased epidermal cell wall swelling, and increased fruit skin stiffness and fracture force contributed to the decrease in macrocracking. There was no effect of CaCl2 on the cuticle deposition rate. Our results demonstrated that Ca decreased macrocracking when applied to a wet fruit surface either by spraying on wet fruit or by incubation in solutions containing CaCl2. Under these circumstances, Ca had direct access to the cell wall of an extending macrocrack. The mode of action of Ca in reducing macrocracking is primarily decreasing the rate of crack extension at the tip of a macrocrack.

ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete

  • Biochemie, Genetik und Molekularbiologie (insg.)
  • Genetik
  • Agrar- und Biowissenschaften (insg.)
  • Gartenbau

Zitieren

Mode of Action of Calcium in Reducing Macrocracking of Sweet Cherry Fruit. / Winkler, Andreas; Bunger, Pia; Lang, Paula Morales et al.
in: Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, Jahrgang 149, Nr. 2, 03.2024, S. 61-74.

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelForschungPeer-Review

Winkler, A, Bunger, P, Lang, PM, Schumann, C, Bruggenwirth, M & Knoche, M 2024, 'Mode of Action of Calcium in Reducing Macrocracking of Sweet Cherry Fruit', Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, Jg. 149, Nr. 2, S. 61-74. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS05354-23
Winkler A, Bunger P, Lang PM, Schumann C, Bruggenwirth M, Knoche M. Mode of Action of Calcium in Reducing Macrocracking of Sweet Cherry Fruit. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 2024 Mär;149(2):61-74. Epub 2024 Feb 9. doi: 10.21273/JASHS05354-23
Winkler, Andreas ; Bunger, Pia ; Lang, Paula Morales et al. / Mode of Action of Calcium in Reducing Macrocracking of Sweet Cherry Fruit. in: Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 2024 ; Jahrgang 149, Nr. 2. S. 61-74.
Download
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abstract = "Rain cracking (hereinafter referred to as macrocracking) severely impacts the production of sweet cherry (Prunus avium). Calcium (Ca) sprays can reduce macrocracking, but the reported responses to Ca sprays are variable and inconsistent. The objective of this study was to establish the physiological mechanism through which Ca reduces macrocracking in sweet cherry fruit. Six spray applications of 50 mM CaCl2 had no effect on macrocracking (assessed using a standardized immersion assay) despite a 28% increase in the Ca-to-dry mass ratio. Similarly, during another experiment, there was no effect of up to nine Ca sprays on macrocracking, although the Ca-to-dry mass ratio increased as the number of applications increased. In contrast, CaCl2 spray applications during simulated rain (in a fog chamber) significantly reduced the proportion of macrocracked fruit. Additionally, immersion of fruit in CaCl2 decreased macrocracking in a concentration-dependent manner. Monitoring macrocrack extension using image analysis revealed that the rate of macrocrack extension decreased markedly as the CaCl2 concentration increased. This effect was significant at concentrations as low as 1 mM CaCl2. Decreased anthocyanin leakage, decreased epidermal cell wall swelling, and increased fruit skin stiffness and fracture force contributed to the decrease in macrocracking. There was no effect of CaCl2 on the cuticle deposition rate. Our results demonstrated that Ca decreased macrocracking when applied to a wet fruit surface either by spraying on wet fruit or by incubation in solutions containing CaCl2. Under these circumstances, Ca had direct access to the cell wall of an extending macrocrack. The mode of action of Ca in reducing macrocracking is primarily decreasing the rate of crack extension at the tip of a macrocrack.",
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T1 - Mode of Action of Calcium in Reducing Macrocracking of Sweet Cherry Fruit

AU - Winkler, Andreas

AU - Bunger, Pia

AU - Lang, Paula Morales

AU - Schumann, Christine

AU - Bruggenwirth, Martin

AU - Knoche, Moritz

N1 - Funding Information: This publication was supported by a grant to M.K. from the Deutsche For-schungsgemeinschaft (KN 402/14-1), the Gisela Foundation, and the open access fund of the Leibniz University Hannover. M.K. is the corresponding author. E-mail: moritz.knoche@obst.uni-hannover.de. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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N2 - Rain cracking (hereinafter referred to as macrocracking) severely impacts the production of sweet cherry (Prunus avium). Calcium (Ca) sprays can reduce macrocracking, but the reported responses to Ca sprays are variable and inconsistent. The objective of this study was to establish the physiological mechanism through which Ca reduces macrocracking in sweet cherry fruit. Six spray applications of 50 mM CaCl2 had no effect on macrocracking (assessed using a standardized immersion assay) despite a 28% increase in the Ca-to-dry mass ratio. Similarly, during another experiment, there was no effect of up to nine Ca sprays on macrocracking, although the Ca-to-dry mass ratio increased as the number of applications increased. In contrast, CaCl2 spray applications during simulated rain (in a fog chamber) significantly reduced the proportion of macrocracked fruit. Additionally, immersion of fruit in CaCl2 decreased macrocracking in a concentration-dependent manner. Monitoring macrocrack extension using image analysis revealed that the rate of macrocrack extension decreased markedly as the CaCl2 concentration increased. This effect was significant at concentrations as low as 1 mM CaCl2. Decreased anthocyanin leakage, decreased epidermal cell wall swelling, and increased fruit skin stiffness and fracture force contributed to the decrease in macrocracking. There was no effect of CaCl2 on the cuticle deposition rate. Our results demonstrated that Ca decreased macrocracking when applied to a wet fruit surface either by spraying on wet fruit or by incubation in solutions containing CaCl2. Under these circumstances, Ca had direct access to the cell wall of an extending macrocrack. The mode of action of Ca in reducing macrocracking is primarily decreasing the rate of crack extension at the tip of a macrocrack.

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