TY - JOUR

T1 - Lack of structure in the gene pool of the highly polyploid ornamental chrysanthemum

AU - Klie, Maik

AU - Menz, Ina

AU - Linde, Marcus

AU - Debener, Thomas

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgments The project was supported by funds of the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV) based on a decision of the Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany via the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE) under the innovation support programme. We would like to thank the company Hubert Brandkamp for supplying plant material for the gene pool.

PY - 2013/8

Y1 - 2013/8

N2 - Selection of clonally propagated chrysanthemums is mostly performed on F1 hybrids using phenotypic characteristics without the use of molecular information. We applied 448 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers to a set of 81 accessions, mainly from the European gene pool, covering the different horticultural types (cut, pot and garden varieties) and originating from the most important European chrysanthemum breeders. The average pairwise genetic similarity of 0.69 was moderate to rather high. Neighbour-joining clustering resulted in no grouping of the accessions, either by their common origin or their horticultural type, or by similarities in important phenotypic characteristics. The structure of the dendrogram could not be supported by bootstrap analysis. Furthermore, network analysis using SplitsTree, principal coordinate analysis via DARwin or analysis of the population with structure did not differentiate reliable and invariable clusters. Therefore, we tested the marker saturation by plotting the mean coefficient of variation for every pairwise similarity of the bootstrap analysis against the different numbers of markers. We showed that the number of markers is sufficient for a precise estimate of genetic similarity and that the lack of bootstrap support is not due to a low genetic diversity or a lack of marker information, but most likely resulted from the breeding history of the cultivars, involving repeated backcrosses and the exchange of genotypes between breeders.

AB - Selection of clonally propagated chrysanthemums is mostly performed on F1 hybrids using phenotypic characteristics without the use of molecular information. We applied 448 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers to a set of 81 accessions, mainly from the European gene pool, covering the different horticultural types (cut, pot and garden varieties) and originating from the most important European chrysanthemum breeders. The average pairwise genetic similarity of 0.69 was moderate to rather high. Neighbour-joining clustering resulted in no grouping of the accessions, either by their common origin or their horticultural type, or by similarities in important phenotypic characteristics. The structure of the dendrogram could not be supported by bootstrap analysis. Furthermore, network analysis using SplitsTree, principal coordinate analysis via DARwin or analysis of the population with structure did not differentiate reliable and invariable clusters. Therefore, we tested the marker saturation by plotting the mean coefficient of variation for every pairwise similarity of the bootstrap analysis against the different numbers of markers. We showed that the number of markers is sufficient for a precise estimate of genetic similarity and that the lack of bootstrap support is not due to a low genetic diversity or a lack of marker information, but most likely resulted from the breeding history of the cultivars, involving repeated backcrosses and the exchange of genotypes between breeders.

KW - Admixture

KW - AFLP

KW - Bootstrap

KW - Dendrogram

KW - Genetic distance

KW - Plant breeding

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84883025209&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s11032-013-9874-4

DO - 10.1007/s11032-013-9874-4

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84883025209

VL - 32

SP - 339

EP - 348

JO - Molecular breeding

JF - Molecular breeding

SN - 1380-3743

IS - 2

ER -