TY - JOUR

T1 - Influence of degree of deformation on welding pore reduction in high-carbon steels

AU - Behrens, Bernd Arno

AU - Maier, Hans Jürgen

AU - Poll, Gerhard

AU - Overmeyer, Ludger

AU - Wester, Hendrik

AU - Uhe, Johanna

AU - Hassel, Thomas

AU - Pape, Florian

AU - Lammers, Marius

AU - Hermsdorf, Jörg

AU - Kaierle, Stefan

AU - Budde, Laura

AU - Saure, Felix

AU - Mildebrath, Maximilian

AU - Coors, Timm

AU - Faqiri, Mohamad Yusuf

AU - Büdenbender, Christoph

N1 - Funding Information: The results presented in this paper were obtained within the Collaborative Research Centre 1153 Process chain to produce hybrid high-performance components by tailored forming in subproject A4, T1, C1 and C3. The authors would like to thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) for the financial support of this project-Grant number 252662854.

PY - 2021/4

Y1 - 2021/4

N2 - Locally adapted properties within a machine component offer opportunities to increase the performance of a component by using high strenght materials where they are needed. The economic production of such hybrid components on the other hand represents a major challenge. The new tailored forming process chain, which is developed within the collaborative research center (CRC 1153) represents a possible solution to produce hybrid components. This is made possible by the use of pre-joined hybrid semi-finished products made from two different steel alloys, which are subsequently formed. The semi-finished products can be manufactured for example by means of deposition welding. Due to a thermal mechanical treatment, an overall higher component strength of the joining zone can be achieved. The deposition welding processes can be used to generate a cladding on a base material. During the welding, one of the most difficult tasks is to reduce the amount and size of pores in the joining zone. These pores can reduce the strength in the joining zone of the welded parts. However, additional pores can occur in the intermediate zone between the substrate and the cladding. In the presented study, the influence of the forming process on the closing of pores in the cladding and in the intermediate zone was investigated. Therefore, cylindrical specimen were extracted in longitudinal direction of the welding track by wire-cut eroding. These welding tracks are manufactured by plasma-transferred arc welding of AISI 52100 on a base plate made of AISI 1015. Further, specimens were prepared transversely, so that the base material, the intermediate layer, and the welded material are axially arranged in the specimen. The prepared specimen were checked for pores by means of scanning acoustic microscopy. Subsequently, an uniaxial compression test was carried out with various degrees of deformation and the two specimen designs were examined again for pores. A microstructure analysis was carried out after each step. The investigations show that there is a need for a minimum degree of deformation to reduce pores in the welded material. However, this required plastic strain cannot be achieved in the welded material of the hybrid specimen, which is a result of the homogeneous temperature distribution in the specimen. The homogeneous temperature distribution leads to different flow properties in the specimen, which means that the main plastic deformation is taking place in the base material.

AB - Locally adapted properties within a machine component offer opportunities to increase the performance of a component by using high strenght materials where they are needed. The economic production of such hybrid components on the other hand represents a major challenge. The new tailored forming process chain, which is developed within the collaborative research center (CRC 1153) represents a possible solution to produce hybrid components. This is made possible by the use of pre-joined hybrid semi-finished products made from two different steel alloys, which are subsequently formed. The semi-finished products can be manufactured for example by means of deposition welding. Due to a thermal mechanical treatment, an overall higher component strength of the joining zone can be achieved. The deposition welding processes can be used to generate a cladding on a base material. During the welding, one of the most difficult tasks is to reduce the amount and size of pores in the joining zone. These pores can reduce the strength in the joining zone of the welded parts. However, additional pores can occur in the intermediate zone between the substrate and the cladding. In the presented study, the influence of the forming process on the closing of pores in the cladding and in the intermediate zone was investigated. Therefore, cylindrical specimen were extracted in longitudinal direction of the welding track by wire-cut eroding. These welding tracks are manufactured by plasma-transferred arc welding of AISI 52100 on a base plate made of AISI 1015. Further, specimens were prepared transversely, so that the base material, the intermediate layer, and the welded material are axially arranged in the specimen. The prepared specimen were checked for pores by means of scanning acoustic microscopy. Subsequently, an uniaxial compression test was carried out with various degrees of deformation and the two specimen designs were examined again for pores. A microstructure analysis was carried out after each step. The investigations show that there is a need for a minimum degree of deformation to reduce pores in the welded material. However, this required plastic strain cannot be achieved in the welded material of the hybrid specimen, which is a result of the homogeneous temperature distribution in the specimen. The homogeneous temperature distribution leads to different flow properties in the specimen, which means that the main plastic deformation is taking place in the base material.

KW - AISI 52100

KW - Plasma transferred arc welding

KW - Pore reduction

KW - Scanning acoustic microscopy

KW - Tailored forming

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101013728&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s11740-020-01009-z

DO - 10.1007/s11740-020-01009-z

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85101013728

VL - 15

SP - 161

EP - 168

JO - Production Engineering

JF - Production Engineering

SN - 0944-6524

IS - 2

ER -