TY - JOUR

T1 - In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Microstructure Evolution during Deep Cryogenic Treatment and Tempering of Tool Steels

AU - Cui, Chengsong

AU - Dong, Juan

AU - Epp, Jérémy

AU - Schulz, Alwin

AU - Steinbacher, Matthias

AU - Acar, Serdal

AU - Herbst, Sebastian

AU - Maier, Hans Jürgen

N1 - Funding Information: This study was conducted as part of the IGF project 19289 N ?Increase of technological properties by cryogenic treatment of tool steels (nanocarbides)? of the FOSTA?Forschungsvereinigung Stahlanwendung e.V., D?sseldorf in cooperation with the AWT?Arbeitsgemeinschaft W?rmebehandlung und Werkstofftechnik e.V., and was sponsored by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen ?Otto-von-Guericke? e.V. (AiF) within the Programme of Industrial Collective Research (IGF) funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy on the basis of a resolution of the German parliament. Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

PY - 2021/12/2

Y1 - 2021/12/2

N2 - Deep cryogenic treatment of tool steels, incorporated in conventional hardening and tempering, has been a topic of intensive research in recent years. Yet, the governing microstructural mechanisms involved in the deep cryogenic treatment of high-alloyed tool steels are still controversial. Thus, an in situ X-ray diffraction study is conducted on three tool steels X38CrMoV5-3, X153CrMoV12, and ~X190CrVMo20-4 to shed light on microstructural evolution during cryogenic treatment and subsequent tempering. For these high-alloyed tool steels, the transformation of retained austenite into martensite is detected during the cooling phase of the cryogenic treatment. A change in tetragonality of martensite occurs mainly in the heating phase of the subsequent tempering process, which indicates the diffusion of carbon and carbide precipitation from the martensite. The microstructure evolution of the tool steels after hardening, cryogenic treatment, and tempering is further examined by scanning electron microscopy.

AB - Deep cryogenic treatment of tool steels, incorporated in conventional hardening and tempering, has been a topic of intensive research in recent years. Yet, the governing microstructural mechanisms involved in the deep cryogenic treatment of high-alloyed tool steels are still controversial. Thus, an in situ X-ray diffraction study is conducted on three tool steels X38CrMoV5-3, X153CrMoV12, and ~X190CrVMo20-4 to shed light on microstructural evolution during cryogenic treatment and subsequent tempering. For these high-alloyed tool steels, the transformation of retained austenite into martensite is detected during the cooling phase of the cryogenic treatment. A change in tetragonality of martensite occurs mainly in the heating phase of the subsequent tempering process, which indicates the diffusion of carbon and carbide precipitation from the martensite. The microstructure evolution of the tool steels after hardening, cryogenic treatment, and tempering is further examined by scanning electron microscopy.

KW - deep cryogenic treatment

KW - microstructure

KW - phase transformation

KW - tool steels

KW - X-ray diffraction

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105229311&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1002/srin.202100076

DO - 10.1002/srin.202100076

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85105229311

VL - 92

JO - Steel research international

JF - Steel research international

SN - 1611-3683

IS - 12

M1 - 2100076

ER -