TY - JOUR

T1 - Highly Siderophile Elements and Coupled Fe-Os Isotope Signatures in the Temagami Iron Formation, Canada

T2 - Possible Signatures of Neoarchean Seawater Chemistry and Earth's Oxygenation History

AU - Schulz, Toni

AU - Viehmann, Sebastian

AU - Hezel, Dominik C.

AU - Koeberl, Christian

AU - Bau, Michael

N1 - Funding information: Toni Schulz’s research was funded by the ‘‘Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft’’ (German Research Foundation; DFG). Grant Nb. SCHU 3061/1-1.

PY - 2021/8

Y1 - 2021/8

N2 - Banded iron formations (BIFs) were deposited before and concurrent with the Great Oxidation Event at ∼2.33 Ga. They provide useful archives that document the transformation of the Precambrian hydrosphere from anoxic to progressively oxygenated conditions. Their formation involves removal of oceanic Fe by either inorganic or biologically promoted Fe2+ oxidation, or both. To evaluate depositional settings, elemental sources that affect seawater chemistry, and oxidation pathways, we present the first combined highly siderophile element (HSE) and Fe-Os isotope study for the ∼2.7 Ga Temagami BIF, Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Ontario (Canada). HSE abundances and 187Os/188Os ratios show no systematic variation between alternating magnetite and (meta)chert bands of the Temagami BIF. Whereas HSE concentrations mostly resemble modern crustal values, present-day 187Os/188Os ratios range from ∼0.17 to ∼10.8. Magnetite samples define a regression line corresponding to an age of 2661 ± 126 Ma. A chondrite-like 187Os/188Os initial value is in agreement with earlier studies on Neoarchean marine sediments and is thought to reflect seawater composition, which, unlike modern oceans, is dominated by mantle-like 187Os inventory most likely derived from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Our δ56Fe data vary from about +0.6‰ to +0.9‰ and define a sawtooth-like pattern between alternating magnetite and (meta)chert layers. Partial oxidation of hydrothermally sourced Fe(II) and a lack of microbially mediated dissimilatory iron reduction provide the most plausible explanation for the positive δ56Fe values. Notably, our δ56Fe data for Temagami are in accord with trends defined by literature results for other Algoma-type BIFs that were deposited throughout the Archean.

AB - Banded iron formations (BIFs) were deposited before and concurrent with the Great Oxidation Event at ∼2.33 Ga. They provide useful archives that document the transformation of the Precambrian hydrosphere from anoxic to progressively oxygenated conditions. Their formation involves removal of oceanic Fe by either inorganic or biologically promoted Fe2+ oxidation, or both. To evaluate depositional settings, elemental sources that affect seawater chemistry, and oxidation pathways, we present the first combined highly siderophile element (HSE) and Fe-Os isotope study for the ∼2.7 Ga Temagami BIF, Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Ontario (Canada). HSE abundances and 187Os/188Os ratios show no systematic variation between alternating magnetite and (meta)chert bands of the Temagami BIF. Whereas HSE concentrations mostly resemble modern crustal values, present-day 187Os/188Os ratios range from ∼0.17 to ∼10.8. Magnetite samples define a regression line corresponding to an age of 2661 ± 126 Ma. A chondrite-like 187Os/188Os initial value is in agreement with earlier studies on Neoarchean marine sediments and is thought to reflect seawater composition, which, unlike modern oceans, is dominated by mantle-like 187Os inventory most likely derived from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Our δ56Fe data vary from about +0.6‰ to +0.9‰ and define a sawtooth-like pattern between alternating magnetite and (meta)chert layers. Partial oxidation of hydrothermally sourced Fe(II) and a lack of microbially mediated dissimilatory iron reduction provide the most plausible explanation for the positive δ56Fe values. Notably, our δ56Fe data for Temagami are in accord with trends defined by literature results for other Algoma-type BIFs that were deposited throughout the Archean.

KW - Banded iron formation

KW - Earth's oxygenation

KW - Iron isotopes

KW - Neoarchean

KW - Re-Os isotopes

KW - Temagami

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85113346431&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1089/ast.2020.2311

DO - 10.1089/ast.2020.2311

M3 - Article

C2 - 34406808

AN - SCOPUS:85113346431

VL - 21

SP - 924

EP - 939

JO - ASTROBIOLOGY

JF - ASTROBIOLOGY

SN - 1531-1074

IS - 8

ER -