TY - JOUR

T1 - Harnessing multi-layered soil to design seismic metamaterials with ultralow frequency band gaps

AU - Chen, Yanyu

AU - Qian, Feng

AU - Scarpa, Fabrizio

AU - Zuo, Lei

AU - Zhuang, Xiaoying

N1 - Funding information: . The Authors would like to thank the Editor and the anonymous Referees for the very constructive and useful comments. X Zhuang gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Peak Discipline Programme .

PY - 2019/8/5

Y1 - 2019/8/5

N2 - Phononic metamaterials are capable of manipulating mechanical wave propagation in applications ranging from nanoscale heat transfer to noise and vibration mitigation. The design of phononic metamaterials to control low-frequency vibrations, such as those induced by ground transportation and low-amplitude seismic waves, however, remains a challenge. Here we propose a new design methodology to generate seismic metamaterials that can attenuate surface waves below 10 Hz. Our design concept evolves around the engineering of the multi-layered soil, the use of conventional construction materials, and operational construction constraints. The proposed seismic metamaterials are constructed by periodically varying concrete piles in the host multi-layered soil. We first validate the design concept and the numerical models by performing a lab-scale experiment on the low-amplitude surface wave propagation in a finite-size seismic metamaterial. To the best of the Authors' knowledge, this is one of the few attempts made to date to experimentally understand the vibration mitigation capability of seismic metamaterials. We then numerically demonstrate that the multi-layered seismic metamaterials can attenuate surface waves over a wide frequency range, with the incident wave energy being confined within the softest layer of the shallow layered seismic metamaterials. In addition to the localized wave energy distribution, deep layered seismic metamaterials exhibit broadband cut-off band gaps up to 7.2 Hz due to the strongly imposed constraint between piles and surrounding soil. Furthermore, these cut-off band gaps strongly depend on the constraint between the piles and the bottom layer of the soil and hence can be tuned by tailoring the foundation stiffness. We also evidence the possibility to create constant wave band gaps by introducing hollow concrete piles with pile volume fraction <10% in the deep layered seismic metamaterials. The findings reported here open new avenues to protect engineering structures from low-frequency seismic vibrations.

AB - Phononic metamaterials are capable of manipulating mechanical wave propagation in applications ranging from nanoscale heat transfer to noise and vibration mitigation. The design of phononic metamaterials to control low-frequency vibrations, such as those induced by ground transportation and low-amplitude seismic waves, however, remains a challenge. Here we propose a new design methodology to generate seismic metamaterials that can attenuate surface waves below 10 Hz. Our design concept evolves around the engineering of the multi-layered soil, the use of conventional construction materials, and operational construction constraints. The proposed seismic metamaterials are constructed by periodically varying concrete piles in the host multi-layered soil. We first validate the design concept and the numerical models by performing a lab-scale experiment on the low-amplitude surface wave propagation in a finite-size seismic metamaterial. To the best of the Authors' knowledge, this is one of the few attempts made to date to experimentally understand the vibration mitigation capability of seismic metamaterials. We then numerically demonstrate that the multi-layered seismic metamaterials can attenuate surface waves over a wide frequency range, with the incident wave energy being confined within the softest layer of the shallow layered seismic metamaterials. In addition to the localized wave energy distribution, deep layered seismic metamaterials exhibit broadband cut-off band gaps up to 7.2 Hz due to the strongly imposed constraint between piles and surrounding soil. Furthermore, these cut-off band gaps strongly depend on the constraint between the piles and the bottom layer of the soil and hence can be tuned by tailoring the foundation stiffness. We also evidence the possibility to create constant wave band gaps by introducing hollow concrete piles with pile volume fraction <10% in the deep layered seismic metamaterials. The findings reported here open new avenues to protect engineering structures from low-frequency seismic vibrations.

KW - Band gaps

KW - Multilayered soil

KW - Phononic

KW - Seismic metamaterial

KW - Vibration

KW - Wave propagation

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85064620015&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107813

DO - 10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107813

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85064620015

VL - 175

JO - Materials and Design

JF - Materials and Design

SN - 0264-1275

M1 - 107813

ER -