TY - JOUR

T1 - Glutathione for Food and Health Applications with Emphasis on Extraction, Identification, and Quantification Methods

T2 - A Review

AU - Al-Temimi, Anfal Alwan

AU - Al-Mossawi, Aum-El-Bashar

AU - Al-Hilifi, Sawsan A.

AU - Korma, Sameh A.

AU - Esatbeyoglu, Tuba

AU - Rocha, João Miguel

AU - Agarwal, Vipul

N1 - Funding Information: The authors are grateful to the COST Action 18101 SOURDOMICS—Sourdough biotechnology network towards novel, healthier and sustainable food and bioprocesses ( https://sourdomics.com/ ; https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA18101/ , accessed on 29 January 2023), where the author T.E. is members of the working groups 4, 6, 7 and 8, and the author J.M.F.R. is the Chair and Grant Holder Scientific Representative and is supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) ( https://www.cost.eu/ , accessed on 29 January 2023). COST is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. V.A. acknowledges the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia, for an Early Career Fellowship (GNT1139060) and UNSW Safety Net Fellowship.

PY - 2023/3/24

Y1 - 2023/3/24

N2 - Glutathione is a naturally occurring compound that plays a crucial role in the cellular response to oxidative stress through its ability to quench free radicals, thus mitigating the risk of potential damage, including cell death. While glutathione is endogenously present in different plants and animal cells, their concentration varies considerably. The alteration in glutathione homeostasis can be used as a potential marker for human diseases. In the case of the depletion of endogenous glutathione, exogenous sources can be used to replenish the pool. To this end, both natural and synthetic glutathione can be used. However, the health benefit of glutathione from natural sources derived from fruits and vegetables is still debated. There is increasingly growing evidence of the potential health benefits of glutathione in different diseases; however, the determination and in situ quantification of endogenously produced glutathione remains a major challenge. For this reason, it has been difficult to understand the bioprocessing of exogenously delivered glutathione in vivo. The development of an in situ technique will also aid in the routine monitoring of glutathione as a biomarker for different oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Furthermore, an understanding of the in vivo bioprocessing of exogenously delivered glutathione will also aid the food industry both towards improving the longevity and profile of food products and the development of glutathione delivery products for long-term societal health benefits. In this review, we surveyed the natural plant-derived sources of glutathione, the identification and quantification of extracted glutathione from these sources, and the role of glutathione in the food industry and its effect on human health.

AB - Glutathione is a naturally occurring compound that plays a crucial role in the cellular response to oxidative stress through its ability to quench free radicals, thus mitigating the risk of potential damage, including cell death. While glutathione is endogenously present in different plants and animal cells, their concentration varies considerably. The alteration in glutathione homeostasis can be used as a potential marker for human diseases. In the case of the depletion of endogenous glutathione, exogenous sources can be used to replenish the pool. To this end, both natural and synthetic glutathione can be used. However, the health benefit of glutathione from natural sources derived from fruits and vegetables is still debated. There is increasingly growing evidence of the potential health benefits of glutathione in different diseases; however, the determination and in situ quantification of endogenously produced glutathione remains a major challenge. For this reason, it has been difficult to understand the bioprocessing of exogenously delivered glutathione in vivo. The development of an in situ technique will also aid in the routine monitoring of glutathione as a biomarker for different oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Furthermore, an understanding of the in vivo bioprocessing of exogenously delivered glutathione will also aid the food industry both towards improving the longevity and profile of food products and the development of glutathione delivery products for long-term societal health benefits. In this review, we surveyed the natural plant-derived sources of glutathione, the identification and quantification of extracted glutathione from these sources, and the role of glutathione in the food industry and its effect on human health.

KW - bioactive peptides

KW - glutathione

KW - natural peptide

KW - oxidative stress

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85153736899&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/metabo13040465

DO - 10.3390/metabo13040465

M3 - Article

VL - 13

JO - Metabolites

JF - Metabolites

IS - 4

M1 - 465

ER -