TY - JOUR

T1 - Global human obesity and global social index

T2 - Relationship and clustering

AU - Munir, Mubbasher

AU - Zakaria, Zahrahtul Amani

AU - Nisar, Haseeb

AU - Ahmed, Zahoor

AU - Korma, Sameh A.

AU - Esatbeyoglu, Tuba

N1 - Funding Information: The publication of this article was funded by the Open Access Fund of Leibniz Universität Hannover.

PY - 2023/3/9

Y1 - 2023/3/9

N2 - Introduction: Obesity, a complex, multifactorial disease, is considered a global disease burden widely affecting the quality of life across different populations. Factors involved in obesity involve genetics, behavior and socioeconomic and environmental origins, each contributing to the risk of debilitating morbidity and mortality. However, the trends across the world vary due to various globalization parameters. Methods: This article tends to identify the global social indicators, compiled into a global index, and develop a correlation between the global social index created by using the human development index, social and political globalization, the global happiness index, and the quality of infrastructure, institutions, and individuals using the internet factors and its effect on global obesity. Results and Discussion: Our results identified a positive correlation between medium human development levels with obesity compared to low and very high human development levels. Economic stability due to rapid industrialization has increased the buying capacity and changed the global food system, which seems to be the major driver of the rise of global obesity. Conclusion: The results decipher that global social indicators and overall social index have positively affected global obesity, which will help policymakers and governmental organizations monitor the obesity patterns across their regions by a significant contribution from globally influenced social factors.

AB - Introduction: Obesity, a complex, multifactorial disease, is considered a global disease burden widely affecting the quality of life across different populations. Factors involved in obesity involve genetics, behavior and socioeconomic and environmental origins, each contributing to the risk of debilitating morbidity and mortality. However, the trends across the world vary due to various globalization parameters. Methods: This article tends to identify the global social indicators, compiled into a global index, and develop a correlation between the global social index created by using the human development index, social and political globalization, the global happiness index, and the quality of infrastructure, institutions, and individuals using the internet factors and its effect on global obesity. Results and Discussion: Our results identified a positive correlation between medium human development levels with obesity compared to low and very high human development levels. Economic stability due to rapid industrialization has increased the buying capacity and changed the global food system, which seems to be the major driver of the rise of global obesity. Conclusion: The results decipher that global social indicators and overall social index have positively affected global obesity, which will help policymakers and governmental organizations monitor the obesity patterns across their regions by a significant contribution from globally influenced social factors.

KW - clustering

KW - global happiness

KW - global social index

KW - globalization

KW - globesity

KW - human development index

KW - political globalization

KW - sustainability

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85150716342&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3389/fnut.2023.1150403

DO - 10.3389/fnut.2023.1150403

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85150716342

VL - 10

JO - Frontiers in Nutrition

JF - Frontiers in Nutrition

M1 - 1150403

ER -