TY - JOUR

T1 - Effects of biofumigation using Brassica juncea and Raphanus sativus in comparison to disinfection using Basamid on apple plant growth and soil microbial communities at three field sites with replant disease

AU - Yim, B.

AU - Hanschen, F.S.

AU - Wrede, A.

AU - Nitt, H.

AU - Schreiner, M.

AU - Smalla, K.

AU - Winkelmann, T.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture within the initiative “Bundesprogramm ökologischer Landbau und andere Formen nachhaltiger Landwirtschaft” (BÖLN). We thank the three nurseries K, A, and M, in Schleswig-Holstein for the project cooperation. We are also thankful to Stefan Weiß, Simon Richartz, Bärbel Ernst, Ewa Schneider, and Friederike Schröder for assistance in the biotest experiment, Andrea Jankowsky for help in GS determination, and Annett Platalla and Elke Büsch for determination of GS breakdown products. We also acknowledge Ilse-Marie Jungkurth, Philipp Braun, and Stefan Weiß for critically reading the manuscript.

PY - 2016/9

Y1 - 2016/9

N2 - Aims: The effects of biofumigation with Brassica juncea ‘Terra Plus’ and Raphanus sativus ‘Defender’ in comparison to Basamid on apple plant growth and on soil microbial communities were studied at three sites affected by replant disease under field conditions. Methods: Apple rootstocks were planted on differently treated plots to evaluate the effect of the treatments on plant growth under field and greenhouse conditions. The glucosinolates in biofumigant plant organs and their breakdown products in soils were determined. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprints were performed with 16S rRNA gene and ITS fragments amplified from total community DNA extracted from different soils. Results: The highest glucosinolate concentrations were found in inflorescences of both biofumigant plant species with no differences between sites. The most abundant degradation product in soil biofumigated with B. juncea was 2-propenyl isothiocyanate, while in soil treated with R. sativus only 4-(methylthio)-3-butenyl isothiocyanate was detected. Effects of biofumigation were recorded to be stronger on fungi than on bacteria. Growth of apple rootstocks was positively affected by the treatments in a site-dependent manner. Conclusions: The effects of biofumigation evaluated by the apple plant growth were site-dependent and might result from suppression of soil-borne pests and pathogens, changes in soil microbial community compositions, and additional nutrients from the incorporated biomass.

AB - Aims: The effects of biofumigation with Brassica juncea ‘Terra Plus’ and Raphanus sativus ‘Defender’ in comparison to Basamid on apple plant growth and on soil microbial communities were studied at three sites affected by replant disease under field conditions. Methods: Apple rootstocks were planted on differently treated plots to evaluate the effect of the treatments on plant growth under field and greenhouse conditions. The glucosinolates in biofumigant plant organs and their breakdown products in soils were determined. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprints were performed with 16S rRNA gene and ITS fragments amplified from total community DNA extracted from different soils. Results: The highest glucosinolate concentrations were found in inflorescences of both biofumigant plant species with no differences between sites. The most abundant degradation product in soil biofumigated with B. juncea was 2-propenyl isothiocyanate, while in soil treated with R. sativus only 4-(methylthio)-3-butenyl isothiocyanate was detected. Effects of biofumigation were recorded to be stronger on fungi than on bacteria. Growth of apple rootstocks was positively affected by the treatments in a site-dependent manner. Conclusions: The effects of biofumigation evaluated by the apple plant growth were site-dependent and might result from suppression of soil-borne pests and pathogens, changes in soil microbial community compositions, and additional nutrients from the incorporated biomass.

KW - Apple replant disease

KW - Bacterial community composition

KW - Biofumigation

KW - DGGE

KW - Fungal community composition

KW - Glucosinolate

KW - Indicator plant

KW - Isothiocyanate

KW - Malus domestica

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84963738065&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s11104-016-2876-3

DO - 10.1007/s11104-016-2876-3

M3 - Article

VL - 406

SP - 389

EP - 408

JO - Plant and soil

JF - Plant and soil

SN - 0032-079X

IS - 1-2

ER -