TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of wheat bran derived prebiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal transit, gut microbiota, and metabolic health-a randomized controlled trial in healthy adults with a slow gut transit

AU - Müller, Mattea

AU - Hermes, Gerben D A

AU - Emanuel E, Canfora

AU - Holst, Jens J

AU - Zoetendal, Erwin G

AU - Smidt, Hauke

AU - Troost, Freddy

AU - Schaap, Frank G

AU - Damink, Steven Olde

AU - Jocken, Johan W E

AU - Lenaerts, Kaatje

AU - Masclee, Ad A M

AU - Blaak, Ellen E

N1 - Funding information: The research is funded by TI Food and Nutrition (project PM001), a public private partnership on pre-competitive research in food and nutrition. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We would kindly like to thank the study participants, Laura Arkenbosch, Gabby Hul, Wendy Sluijsman, Yvonne Essers, Nicole Hoebers and Jos Stegen for their excellent technical support.

PY - 2020/11/9

Y1 - 2020/11/9

N2 - Acute intake of the wheat bran extract Arabinoxylan-Oligosaccharide (AXOS) modulates the gut microbiota, improves stool characteristics and postprandial glycemia in healthy humans. Yet, little is known on how long-term AXOS intake influences gastrointestinal (GI) functioning, gut microbiota, and metabolic health. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, we evaluated the effects of AXOS intake on GI function and metabolic health in adults with slow GI transit without constipation. Forty-eight normoglycemic adults were included with whole-gut transit time (WGTT) of >35 h receiving either 15 g/day AXOS or placebo (maltodextrin) for 12-wks. The primary outcome was WGTT, and secondary outcomes included stool parameters, gut permeability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota composition, energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, glucose, insulin, lipids, gut hormones, and adipose tissue (AT) function. WGTT was unchanged, but stool consistency softened after AXOS. 12-wks of AXOS intake significantly changed the microbiota by increasing Bifidobacterium and decreasing microbial alpha-diversity. With a good classification accuracy, overall microbiota composition classified responders with decreased WGTT after AXOS. The incretin hormone Glucagon-like protein 1 was reduced after AXOS compared to placebo. Energy expenditure, plasma metabolites, AT parameters, SCFA, and gut permeability were unchanged. In conclusion, intake of wheat bran extract increases fecal Bifidobacterium and softens stool consistency without major effects on energy metabolism in healthy humans with a slow GI transit. We show that overall gut microbiota classified responders with decreased WGTT after AXOS highlighting that GI transit and change thereof were associated with gut microbiota independent of Bifidobacterium. NCT02491125.

AB - Acute intake of the wheat bran extract Arabinoxylan-Oligosaccharide (AXOS) modulates the gut microbiota, improves stool characteristics and postprandial glycemia in healthy humans. Yet, little is known on how long-term AXOS intake influences gastrointestinal (GI) functioning, gut microbiota, and metabolic health. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, we evaluated the effects of AXOS intake on GI function and metabolic health in adults with slow GI transit without constipation. Forty-eight normoglycemic adults were included with whole-gut transit time (WGTT) of >35 h receiving either 15 g/day AXOS or placebo (maltodextrin) for 12-wks. The primary outcome was WGTT, and secondary outcomes included stool parameters, gut permeability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota composition, energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, glucose, insulin, lipids, gut hormones, and adipose tissue (AT) function. WGTT was unchanged, but stool consistency softened after AXOS. 12-wks of AXOS intake significantly changed the microbiota by increasing Bifidobacterium and decreasing microbial alpha-diversity. With a good classification accuracy, overall microbiota composition classified responders with decreased WGTT after AXOS. The incretin hormone Glucagon-like protein 1 was reduced after AXOS compared to placebo. Energy expenditure, plasma metabolites, AT parameters, SCFA, and gut permeability were unchanged. In conclusion, intake of wheat bran extract increases fecal Bifidobacterium and softens stool consistency without major effects on energy metabolism in healthy humans with a slow GI transit. We show that overall gut microbiota classified responders with decreased WGTT after AXOS highlighting that GI transit and change thereof were associated with gut microbiota independent of Bifidobacterium. NCT02491125.

KW - Arabinoxylan-Oligosaccharides

KW - Energy metabolism

KW - Gastrointestinal transit

KW - Gut Hormones

KW - Gut microbiota

KW - Prebiotic

KW - Stool consistency

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85079161047&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1080/19490976.2019.1704141

DO - 10.1080/19490976.2019.1704141

M3 - Article

C2 - 31983281

VL - 12

JO - Gut microbes

JF - Gut microbes

SN - 1949-0976

IS - 1

M1 - 1704141

ER -