TY - JOUR

T1 - Distraction Potential of Vehicle-Based On-Road Projection

AU - Glück, Tobias

AU - Biermann, Tobias

AU - Wolf, Alexander

AU - Budig, Sören

AU - Ziebehl, Arved

AU - Knöchelmann, Marvin

AU - Lachmayer, Roland

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy within the Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (EXC 2122, Project ID 390833453), by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), initiative NFDI4Ing—National Research Data Infrastructure for Engineering Sciences (Project ID 442146713) and the Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony (MWK)—School for Additive Manufacturing SAM. The publication of this article was funded by the Open Access Fund of Leibniz Universität Hannover.

PY - 2021/12/17

Y1 - 2021/12/17

N2 - With regard to autonomous driving, on-road projections cannot only be used for communication with the driver but also with other road users. Our study aims to investigate the distraction potential for other road users when on-road projections (e.g., for driver assistance) are used to com-municate with the driver of the projecting vehicle. We perform this investigation in a blind study with 38 test persons who are overtaken six times on a constant motorway section by the projection vehicle. The distraction potential is examined with an eye-tracking system, which detects the direction of the subjects’ gaze. In addition, the subjects’ physiological perception of the headlight projection is recorded with a questionnaire afterward. Several test subjects looked at the projection for less than one second, which is well below the critical threshold for the distraction of 1.6 s. In the interviews, on the other hand, only one of the 38 test persons stated that a projection on the road was recognized. For the examined scenario, it is therefore deduced that on-road projections with the selected symbol shape and brightness do not lead to critical distraction.

AB - With regard to autonomous driving, on-road projections cannot only be used for communication with the driver but also with other road users. Our study aims to investigate the distraction potential for other road users when on-road projections (e.g., for driver assistance) are used to com-municate with the driver of the projecting vehicle. We perform this investigation in a blind study with 38 test persons who are overtaken six times on a constant motorway section by the projection vehicle. The distraction potential is examined with an eye-tracking system, which detects the direction of the subjects’ gaze. In addition, the subjects’ physiological perception of the headlight projection is recorded with a questionnaire afterward. Several test subjects looked at the projection for less than one second, which is well below the critical threshold for the distraction of 1.6 s. In the interviews, on the other hand, only one of the 38 test persons stated that a projection on the road was recognized. For the examined scenario, it is therefore deduced that on-road projections with the selected symbol shape and brightness do not lead to critical distraction.

KW - Autonomous driving

KW - DMD

KW - Distraction

KW - Driver assistance system

KW - Eye-tracking

KW - Gaze time

KW - High-resolution headlamp

KW - Light-based communication

KW - On-road projection

KW - Test person study

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85122016789&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/app112412030

DO - 10.3390/app112412030

M3 - Article

VL - 11

JO - Applied Sciences

JF - Applied Sciences

SN - 2076-3417

IS - 24

M1 - 12030

ER -