TY - JOUR

T1 - Different gene expression profiles in normo- and dyslipidemic men after fish oil supplementation:

T2 - Results from a randomized controlled trial

AU - Schmidt, Simone

AU - Stahl, Frank

AU - Mutz, Kai Oliver

AU - Scheper, Thomas

AU - Hahn, Andreas

AU - Schuchardt, Jan Philipp

N1 - Funding information: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. The authors are solely responsible for the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; as well as preparation of the manuscript. The supply of the study supplements (FO and CO) from Dr. Loges + Co. GmbH, Winsen, Germany, is gratefully acknowledged. Similarly, we thank Philip Saunders who proofread the manuscript. Most of all, we would like to thank the participants who contributed their time to this project. This study was supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany.

PY - 2012/8/29

Y1 - 2012/8/29

N2 - Background: Epidemiological studies have suggested the benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on cardiovascular health, but only limited data are available describing n-3 PUFA regulated pathways in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 PUFA administration on whole genome expression profiles in the blood of normo- and dyslipidemic subjects. Methods. Differentially expressed genes were detected after four hours, one week and twelve weeks of supplementation with either fish oil (FO) or corn oil in normo- and dyslipidemic men using whole genome microarrays. Results: Independent of the oil, a significantly higher number of genes was regulated in dyslipidemic subjects compared to normolipidemic subjects. Pathway analyses discovered metabolisms dominantly affected by FO after twelve weeks of supplementation, including the lipid metabolism, immune system and cardiovascular diseases. Several pro-inflammatory genes, in particular, were down-regulated in dyslipidemic subjects, indicating the immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory capability of FO and its bioactive FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Conclusions: This is the first study showing significant differences in gene expression profiles between normo- and dyslipidemic men after FO supplementation. Further studies need to clarify the exact role of n-3 PUFAs in pathways and metabolisms which were identified as being regulated after FO supplementation in this study. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT01089231).

AB - Background: Epidemiological studies have suggested the benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on cardiovascular health, but only limited data are available describing n-3 PUFA regulated pathways in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 PUFA administration on whole genome expression profiles in the blood of normo- and dyslipidemic subjects. Methods. Differentially expressed genes were detected after four hours, one week and twelve weeks of supplementation with either fish oil (FO) or corn oil in normo- and dyslipidemic men using whole genome microarrays. Results: Independent of the oil, a significantly higher number of genes was regulated in dyslipidemic subjects compared to normolipidemic subjects. Pathway analyses discovered metabolisms dominantly affected by FO after twelve weeks of supplementation, including the lipid metabolism, immune system and cardiovascular diseases. Several pro-inflammatory genes, in particular, were down-regulated in dyslipidemic subjects, indicating the immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory capability of FO and its bioactive FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Conclusions: This is the first study showing significant differences in gene expression profiles between normo- and dyslipidemic men after FO supplementation. Further studies need to clarify the exact role of n-3 PUFAs in pathways and metabolisms which were identified as being regulated after FO supplementation in this study. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT01089231).

KW - Cardiovascular disease

KW - Dyslipidemia

KW - Gene regulation

KW - Genome microarrays

KW - Hypertriglyceridemia

KW - Lipid metabolism

KW - Omega-3 fatty acids

KW - Omega-3 index

KW - Pathway analysis

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84865441790&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1186/1476-511X-11-105

DO - 10.1186/1476-511X-11-105

M3 - Article

C2 - 22929118

AN - SCOPUS:84865441790

VL - 11

JO - Lipids in health and disease

JF - Lipids in health and disease

SN - 1476-511X

M1 - 105

ER -