TY - JOUR

T1 - Controlling Fusarium oxysporum Tomato Fruit Rot under Tropical Condition Using Both Chitosan and Vanillin

AU - Safari, Zahir Shah

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2021/3/23

Y1 - 2021/3/23

N2 - : Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. is one of the most cultivated and widely consumedvegetables in the world. However, it is very susceptible to the infection initiated by Fusarium ox‐ysporum fruit rot, which shortens post‐harvest life and thus reduces market value. This disease canbe regulated appropriately by the application of synthetic fungicides. However, chemical fungicidesconstitute a serious health risk, and have harmful environment effects and increase disease re‐sistance, even when microbes are dead. Hence, to overcome this problem, chitosan and vanillin,which have antimicrobial bioactive properties against the growth of microorganisms, could be analternative to disease control, while maintaining fruit quality and prolonging shelf life. The aim ofthis research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of chitosan and vanillin towards the inocu‐late pathogen and to investigate the effect of chitosan and vanillin coating in vivo on Fusarium ox‐ysporum fruit rot and defense‐related enzymes (PAL, PPO and POD). Chitosan and vanillin in aque‐ous solutions, i.e., 0.5% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 1% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 1.5% chitosan + 10mM vanillin, 0.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin, 1% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin and 1.5% chitosan + 15mM vanillin, were used as edible coatings on tomatoes stored at 26 ± 2 °C and 60 ± 5 relative hu‐midity. The result revealed 1.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin was able to control disease incidence by70.84% and severity by 70%. These combinations of coatings were also able to retain phenylalanineammonia‐lyase (PAL), peroxidase activity (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activitiesas well as prolong shelf life of tomatoes up to 15 days.

AB - : Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. is one of the most cultivated and widely consumedvegetables in the world. However, it is very susceptible to the infection initiated by Fusarium ox‐ysporum fruit rot, which shortens post‐harvest life and thus reduces market value. This disease canbe regulated appropriately by the application of synthetic fungicides. However, chemical fungicidesconstitute a serious health risk, and have harmful environment effects and increase disease re‐sistance, even when microbes are dead. Hence, to overcome this problem, chitosan and vanillin,which have antimicrobial bioactive properties against the growth of microorganisms, could be analternative to disease control, while maintaining fruit quality and prolonging shelf life. The aim ofthis research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of chitosan and vanillin towards the inocu‐late pathogen and to investigate the effect of chitosan and vanillin coating in vivo on Fusarium ox‐ysporum fruit rot and defense‐related enzymes (PAL, PPO and POD). Chitosan and vanillin in aque‐ous solutions, i.e., 0.5% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 1% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 1.5% chitosan + 10mM vanillin, 0.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin, 1% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin and 1.5% chitosan + 15mM vanillin, were used as edible coatings on tomatoes stored at 26 ± 2 °C and 60 ± 5 relative hu‐midity. The result revealed 1.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin was able to control disease incidence by70.84% and severity by 70%. These combinations of coatings were also able to retain phenylalanineammonia‐lyase (PAL), peroxidase activity (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activitiesas well as prolong shelf life of tomatoes up to 15 days.

KW - antioxidant activity

KW - phenylalanine am‐ monia‐lyase (PAL)

KW - peroxidase activity (POD

KW - Postharvest losses

KW - Fusarium fruit rot

KW - Polyphenol oxidases (PPO)

KW - Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)

KW - Antioxidant activity

KW - Postharvest disease

KW - Peroxidase activity (POD)

KW - Protein

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103816817&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/coatings11030367

DO - 10.3390/coatings11030367

M3 - Article

VL - 11

JO - Coatings

JF - Coatings

SN - 2079-6412

IS - 3

M1 - 367

ER -