TY - JOUR

T1 - Cell broadening revisited

T2 - Results from high-resolution large-eddy simulations of cold air outbreaks

AU - Schröter, M.

AU - Raasch, S.

AU - Jansen, H.

N1 - Funding Information: This investigation was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under con- tract numbers RA 617/3-3 and JA 1115/1-1. All runs were performed on the IBM Regatta at the HLRN and on 256 processing elements of the Cray-T3ELC384 of the Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik in Berlin (ZIB). For the WET simulation on the Cray- T3E, each processing element required 115 CPU h (4.8 days) in total. We appreciate the permission to include a figure from Müller and Chlond (1996). The critical review by an anonymous reviewer and Bjorn Stevens greatly improved the manuscript. Paquita Zuidema helped in calculating cloud reflectivities from LWP fields.

PY - 2005/6/1

Y1 - 2005/6/1

N2 - Large-eddy simulations (LES) have been carried out in order to investigate the structure and development of organized mesoscale cellular convection (MCC) during cold air outbreaks (CAOB) and to reevaluate results by Müller and Chlond. Some limitations of this and other earlier LES studies of CAOBs have been removed by using a parallelized model with both a large horizontal domain and a fine grid resolution. These model simulations reveal a hitherto undiscovered insight into the development of MCC. It is shown that MCC with aspect r atios larger than 10 only develop in the presence of diabatic heat sources, that is, latent heat release within the clouds and cloud-top radiative cooling, which confirms results from previous studies. Simulated cells are of closed type. The wind field is seen to be correlated with the liquid water field, and thus, dynamic variables are organized on the mesoscale as well. Updrafts predominantly occur in regions with high liquid water content. Two-dimensional spectral analysis confirms clear peaks at the wavelength of the MCC. The dynamic variables are characterized by an organized conglomeration of randomly distributed up- and downdrafts, where each convective cell can hardly be detected by eye. Whereas scalar variables like temperature and the liquid water path field are characterized by large scales with aspect ratios of 9 to 11, in the vertical velocity field multiple scales are present simultaneously, with small scales having aspect ratios between 1 and 3 contributing most to the total energy, but also large scales correlated with scales seen in the thermodynamic variables.

AB - Large-eddy simulations (LES) have been carried out in order to investigate the structure and development of organized mesoscale cellular convection (MCC) during cold air outbreaks (CAOB) and to reevaluate results by Müller and Chlond. Some limitations of this and other earlier LES studies of CAOBs have been removed by using a parallelized model with both a large horizontal domain and a fine grid resolution. These model simulations reveal a hitherto undiscovered insight into the development of MCC. It is shown that MCC with aspect r atios larger than 10 only develop in the presence of diabatic heat sources, that is, latent heat release within the clouds and cloud-top radiative cooling, which confirms results from previous studies. Simulated cells are of closed type. The wind field is seen to be correlated with the liquid water field, and thus, dynamic variables are organized on the mesoscale as well. Updrafts predominantly occur in regions with high liquid water content. Two-dimensional spectral analysis confirms clear peaks at the wavelength of the MCC. The dynamic variables are characterized by an organized conglomeration of randomly distributed up- and downdrafts, where each convective cell can hardly be detected by eye. Whereas scalar variables like temperature and the liquid water path field are characterized by large scales with aspect ratios of 9 to 11, in the vertical velocity field multiple scales are present simultaneously, with small scales having aspect ratios between 1 and 3 contributing most to the total energy, but also large scales correlated with scales seen in the thermodynamic variables.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=23744494654&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1175/JAS3451.1

DO - 10.1175/JAS3451.1

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:23744494654

VL - 62

SP - 2023

EP - 2032

JO - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

JF - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

SN - 0022-4928

IS - 6

ER -