TY - JOUR

T1 - Calcium decreases cell wall swelling in sweet cherry fruit

AU - Schumann, Christine

AU - Winkler, Andreas

AU - Knoche, Moritz

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Simon Sitzenstock for technical support and Dr. Alexander Lang for useful discussion and helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We also thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, grant KN 402/14-1) for funding this study. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, grant KN 402/14-1).

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - Swelling of epidermal cell walls decreases cell-to-cell adhesion and increases cracking susceptibility in sweet cherry. Ca is suggested to decrease cracking susceptibility by crosslinking of cell wall components and, possibly, by decreasing swelling. The objective is to test this hypothesis. The effect of Ca on swelling of anticlinal epidermal cell walls was quantified microscopically in vivo using excised skin sections and in vitro using extracted cell walls. After removal of turgor, cell wall thickness increased. Incubation in CaCl2 decreased cell wall thickness up to 3 mM CaCl2. At higher concentrations thickness remained constant. Decreased cell wall swelling in vivo also occurred with other salts of divalent and trivalent cations, but not with those of monovalent cations. Decreased swelling was due to the Ca cation, the anions had no effect. Ca also decreased swelling of cell walls that were already swollen. CaCl2 also decreased swelling of extracted cell walls in vitro. There was no effect on swelling pressure. The effect on swelling increased as the CaCl2 concentration increased. Chlorides of divalent and trivalent cations, but not those of monovalent cations decreased swelling in vitro. The decrease in swelling among the divalent cations was linearly related to the radius of the cation. The results indicate that Ca decreases cracking susceptibility by decreasing swelling.

AB - Swelling of epidermal cell walls decreases cell-to-cell adhesion and increases cracking susceptibility in sweet cherry. Ca is suggested to decrease cracking susceptibility by crosslinking of cell wall components and, possibly, by decreasing swelling. The objective is to test this hypothesis. The effect of Ca on swelling of anticlinal epidermal cell walls was quantified microscopically in vivo using excised skin sections and in vitro using extracted cell walls. After removal of turgor, cell wall thickness increased. Incubation in CaCl2 decreased cell wall thickness up to 3 mM CaCl2. At higher concentrations thickness remained constant. Decreased cell wall swelling in vivo also occurred with other salts of divalent and trivalent cations, but not with those of monovalent cations. Decreased swelling was due to the Ca cation, the anions had no effect. Ca also decreased swelling of cell walls that were already swollen. CaCl2 also decreased swelling of extracted cell walls in vitro. There was no effect on swelling pressure. The effect on swelling increased as the CaCl2 concentration increased. Chlorides of divalent and trivalent cations, but not those of monovalent cations decreased swelling in vitro. The decrease in swelling among the divalent cations was linearly related to the radius of the cation. The results indicate that Ca decreases cracking susceptibility by decreasing swelling.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85139112749&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/s41598-022-20266-9

DO - 10.1038/s41598-022-20266-9

M3 - Article

C2 - 36192436

AN - SCOPUS:85139112749

VL - 12

JO - Scientific reports

JF - Scientific reports

SN - 2045-2322

IS - 1

M1 - 16496

ER -