TY - JOUR

T1 - Calcium and the physiology of sweet cherries

T2 - A review

AU - Winkler, Andreas

AU - Knoche, Moritz

N1 - Funding information: We thank Alexander Lang for very helpful discussions and comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We also thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, grant KN 402/14-1) for funding this study.

PY - 2019/2/9

Y1 - 2019/2/9

N2 - Growing interest in the commercial production of sweet cherries around the world has stimulated research on the potential for supplementary applications of calcium (Ca) as a way to mitigate the risk of catastrophic crop loss, to improve fruit quality at harvest and to extend postharvest shelf life. The objective of this review is to summarize current information, to identify knowledge gaps and to help define future research needs. We focus on (1) analysis and uptake of Ca, (2) Ca effects on rain cracking and (3) Ca effects on postharvest quality. Preharvest Ca sprays and postharvest Ca dips sometimes increase fruit Ca levels; but at other times these are ineffective. Similarly, Ca applications by overhead sprinkling during rain or by spraying or by immersion, sometimes reduce rain cracking; but not always. Reduced fruit cracking is usually accounted for as due to improvements in the mechanical properties of the skin - the fruits structural backbone. Calculation shows that osmotic effects of Ca that reduce fruit water uptake are an unlikely explanation. Preharvest or postharvest applications of Ca may also improve fruit firmness, decrease pedicel shriveling and reduce the incidence of fruit rots. The studies reviewed indicate that (1) little is known about the mechanisms and pathways of Ca uptake into the fruit and (2) Ca applications have the potential to reduce cracking and to help retain postharvest quality; but these looked-for effects are often illusive. The lack of consistent behavior is likely due to erratic movement of the polar Ca ion through the cuticle. Future studies should focus on the mechanisms and pathways of Ca penetration into developing sweet cherry fruit and on its final location at both tissue and cellular levels.

AB - Growing interest in the commercial production of sweet cherries around the world has stimulated research on the potential for supplementary applications of calcium (Ca) as a way to mitigate the risk of catastrophic crop loss, to improve fruit quality at harvest and to extend postharvest shelf life. The objective of this review is to summarize current information, to identify knowledge gaps and to help define future research needs. We focus on (1) analysis and uptake of Ca, (2) Ca effects on rain cracking and (3) Ca effects on postharvest quality. Preharvest Ca sprays and postharvest Ca dips sometimes increase fruit Ca levels; but at other times these are ineffective. Similarly, Ca applications by overhead sprinkling during rain or by spraying or by immersion, sometimes reduce rain cracking; but not always. Reduced fruit cracking is usually accounted for as due to improvements in the mechanical properties of the skin - the fruits structural backbone. Calculation shows that osmotic effects of Ca that reduce fruit water uptake are an unlikely explanation. Preharvest or postharvest applications of Ca may also improve fruit firmness, decrease pedicel shriveling and reduce the incidence of fruit rots. The studies reviewed indicate that (1) little is known about the mechanisms and pathways of Ca uptake into the fruit and (2) Ca applications have the potential to reduce cracking and to help retain postharvest quality; but these looked-for effects are often illusive. The lack of consistent behavior is likely due to erratic movement of the polar Ca ion through the cuticle. Future studies should focus on the mechanisms and pathways of Ca penetration into developing sweet cherry fruit and on its final location at both tissue and cellular levels.

KW - Cracking

KW - Penetration

KW - Postharvest

KW - Prunus avium

KW - Uptake

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054807349&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.10.012

DO - 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.10.012

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85054807349

VL - 245

SP - 107

EP - 115

JO - Scientia horticulturae

JF - Scientia horticulturae

SN - 0304-4238

ER -