TY - JOUR

T1 - Biocatalysis for the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Deep Eutectic Solvents: State-of-the-Art and Prospects

AU - Zhang, Ningning

AU - María, Pablo Domínguez de

AU - Kara, Selin

N1 - This project has received funding from the EU’s Horizon Europe Doctoral Network Program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 101072731. The authors acknowledge the financial support from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under grant no. 391127961.

PY - 2024/1/19

Y1 - 2024/1/19

N2 - Biocatalysis holds immense potential for pharmaceutical development as it enables synthetic routes to various chiral building blocks with unparalleled selectivity. Therein, solvent and water use account for a large contribution to the environmental impact of the reactions. In the spirit of Green Chemistry, a transition from traditional highly diluted aqueous systems to intensified non-aqueous media to overcome limitations (e.g., water shortages, recalcitrant wastewater treatments, and low substrate loadings) has been observed. Benefiting from the spectacular advances in various enzyme stabilization techniques, a plethora of biotransformations in non-conventional media have been established. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) emerge as a sort of (potentially) greener non-aqueous medium with increasing use in biocatalysis. This review discusses the state-of-the-art of biotransformations in DESs with a focus on biocatalytic pathways for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Representative examples of different enzyme classes are discussed, together with a critical vision of the limitations and discussing prospects of using DESs for biocatalysis.

AB - Biocatalysis holds immense potential for pharmaceutical development as it enables synthetic routes to various chiral building blocks with unparalleled selectivity. Therein, solvent and water use account for a large contribution to the environmental impact of the reactions. In the spirit of Green Chemistry, a transition from traditional highly diluted aqueous systems to intensified non-aqueous media to overcome limitations (e.g., water shortages, recalcitrant wastewater treatments, and low substrate loadings) has been observed. Benefiting from the spectacular advances in various enzyme stabilization techniques, a plethora of biotransformations in non-conventional media have been established. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) emerge as a sort of (potentially) greener non-aqueous medium with increasing use in biocatalysis. This review discusses the state-of-the-art of biotransformations in DESs with a focus on biocatalytic pathways for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Representative examples of different enzyme classes are discussed, together with a critical vision of the limitations and discussing prospects of using DESs for biocatalysis.

KW - active pharmaceutical active ingredients

KW - biocatalysis

KW - deep eutectic solvents

KW - enzymes

KW - green chemistry

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85183395247&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/catal14010084

DO - 10.3390/catal14010084

M3 - Article

VL - 14

JO - CATALYSTS

JF - CATALYSTS

SN - 2073-4344

IS - 1

M1 - 84

ER -