TY - JOUR

T1 - Approaches in Scaling Small-Scale Experiments on the Breaking Wave Interactions with a Vertical Wall Attached with Recurved Parapets

AU - Ravindar, Rajendran

AU - Sriram, V.

AU - Schimmels, Stefan

AU - Stagonas, Dimitris

N1 - Funding Information: This work was carried out under the funding of the DST-SERB project “Improved Design Perspective for Violent Wave Impacts during Extreme Natural Disaster Events (IDWavImp).” The large-scale studies are carried out on the project’s scope under the funding of HYDRALAB IV, contract number 261520. The first author would like to express his utmost gratitude to the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for supporting him financially throughout his project work in Germany.

PY - 2021/11/1

Y1 - 2021/11/1

N2 - The breaking wave interactions on a vertical wall with three different recurved parapets were examined in two different scales (1:1 and 1:8) to study the scale effects. A similar testing condition with that of the large scale was adopted to identify a method for scaling up the small-scale laboratory measurements that involve impact pressure or forces. In the present study, two approaches for scaling up the small-scale studies, namely the Froude and Cuomo methods are adopted. By comparing the scaled-up results from small-scale studies with large-scale studies using the two approaches, a combined approach was suggested to estimate the force by integrating the pressure. In the proposed approach (named Cuomo-Froude method), the Cuomo method was adopted in the impact zone, and the Froude method was adopted in the nonimpact region for upscaling the small-scale experiments. The proposed approach shows a reasonable comparison with large results for pulsating and impulsive breaking conditions with a vertical wall having a different exit angle. Finally, the paper concludes that the pressure impulse follows the same scale for wave impacts as pressure.

AB - The breaking wave interactions on a vertical wall with three different recurved parapets were examined in two different scales (1:1 and 1:8) to study the scale effects. A similar testing condition with that of the large scale was adopted to identify a method for scaling up the small-scale laboratory measurements that involve impact pressure or forces. In the present study, two approaches for scaling up the small-scale studies, namely the Froude and Cuomo methods are adopted. By comparing the scaled-up results from small-scale studies with large-scale studies using the two approaches, a combined approach was suggested to estimate the force by integrating the pressure. In the proposed approach (named Cuomo-Froude method), the Cuomo method was adopted in the impact zone, and the Froude method was adopted in the nonimpact region for upscaling the small-scale experiments. The proposed approach shows a reasonable comparison with large results for pulsating and impulsive breaking conditions with a vertical wall having a different exit angle. Finally, the paper concludes that the pressure impulse follows the same scale for wave impacts as pressure.

KW - Cuomo-Froude method

KW - Impulsive

KW - Pulsating

KW - Recurve parapet

KW - Scale effects

KW - Vertical wall

KW - Wave impact

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85112867871&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000674

DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000674

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85112867871

VL - 147

JO - Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering

JF - Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering

SN - 0733-950X

IS - 6

M1 - 04021034

ER -