TY - JOUR

T1 - Application of neutron radiography in observing and quantifying the time-dependent moisture distributions in multi-cracked cement-based composites

AU - Zhang, Peng

AU - Wang, Penggang

AU - Hou, Dongshuai

AU - Liu, Zhaolin

AU - Haist, Michael

AU - Zhao, Tiejun

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Dr. Lehmann, Mr. P. Vontobel and Mr. J. Hovind, who are in Neutron Imaging & Activation Group, PSI, Switzerland, for the valuable help for operating neutron radiography. Financial supports by Basic Research Program of China (2015CB655100), 111 Project and Natural Science Foundation of China (51420105015, 51278260) are gratefully acknowledged. The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and China Scholarship Council are also acknowledged.

PY - 2017/4/1

Y1 - 2017/4/1

N2 - Significant tensile strain capacity of SHCC under tensile stress can be reached by multi-crack formation, while the cracks remain bridged by fibres. Ductility of SHCC is due to this multi-crack formation. Cracks are preferential pathways for ingress of water and salt solutions into the material. In this contribution neutron radiography has been successfully applied to visualize the process of water penetration into cracked SHCC and to quantify the corresponding time-dependent moisture distributions in cracked SHCC. Results indicate that in uncracked SHCC, less water can be found. Once cracked, however, both the amount of water and the penetration depth increased with increasing of crack density and the wider crack pattern when higher tensile strain was applied. Even at comparatively modest imposed strain when micro-cracks were formed, water penetrated into the specimens along the cracks of 30 μm–50 μm immediately and then water migrated further into the surrounding matrix from water filled cracks. Water then moved into the matrix adjacent to the cracks which was mechanically damaged by direct tension. Therefore, if durability of SHCC is an issue for application, a maximum strain may not be exceeded. In order to prevent penetration of water or salt solutions into cracked SHCC, two approaches were used. Integral water repellent SHCC was prepared by adding silane emulsion to the fresh mortar. Compared with neat SHCC, the integral water repellent SHCC with multi-cracks absorbed much less water after imposed to the same tensile strain. Notice that there was still a small amount of moisture that could enter the matrix of integral water repellent SHCC via cracks when the tensile strain was over 1.5% in this study. As an alternative method, surface impregnation with silane gel was a more promising approach to protect cracked SHCC from water or salt solution penetration into the material when multi-cracks formed.

AB - Significant tensile strain capacity of SHCC under tensile stress can be reached by multi-crack formation, while the cracks remain bridged by fibres. Ductility of SHCC is due to this multi-crack formation. Cracks are preferential pathways for ingress of water and salt solutions into the material. In this contribution neutron radiography has been successfully applied to visualize the process of water penetration into cracked SHCC and to quantify the corresponding time-dependent moisture distributions in cracked SHCC. Results indicate that in uncracked SHCC, less water can be found. Once cracked, however, both the amount of water and the penetration depth increased with increasing of crack density and the wider crack pattern when higher tensile strain was applied. Even at comparatively modest imposed strain when micro-cracks were formed, water penetrated into the specimens along the cracks of 30 μm–50 μm immediately and then water migrated further into the surrounding matrix from water filled cracks. Water then moved into the matrix adjacent to the cracks which was mechanically damaged by direct tension. Therefore, if durability of SHCC is an issue for application, a maximum strain may not be exceeded. In order to prevent penetration of water or salt solutions into cracked SHCC, two approaches were used. Integral water repellent SHCC was prepared by adding silane emulsion to the fresh mortar. Compared with neat SHCC, the integral water repellent SHCC with multi-cracks absorbed much less water after imposed to the same tensile strain. Notice that there was still a small amount of moisture that could enter the matrix of integral water repellent SHCC via cracks when the tensile strain was over 1.5% in this study. As an alternative method, surface impregnation with silane gel was a more promising approach to protect cracked SHCC from water or salt solution penetration into the material when multi-cracks formed.

KW - Capillary absorption

KW - Moisture distribution

KW - Multiple cracks

KW - Neutron radiography

KW - Strain hardening cement-based composite (SHCC)

KW - Water repellent treatment

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85008367793&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.12.006

DO - 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.12.006

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85008367793

VL - 78

SP - 13

EP - 20

JO - Cement and Concrete Composites

JF - Cement and Concrete Composites

SN - 0958-9465

ER -