TY - JOUR

T1 - Accumulation of chlorophyll and essential oils in photomixotrophic cell cultures of Citrus sp

AU - Reil, Gerold

AU - Berger, Ralf Günter

N1 - Funding information: This work was supported by the Federal Minister of Research and Technology (project no. 0318980A) and by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. Valuable advice came from the members of the project group. S. Pilawa and B. Zimmer-mann are thanked for analytical and technical collaboration.

PY - 1996/9

Y1 - 1996/9

N2 - Heterotrophically or photomixotrophically initiated callus cultures of Citrus paradisi, C. limon and C.aurantifolia were grown on different nutrient media and under different light regimes. Calli of C.paradisi that contained > 140 mg chlorophyll per kg wet weight accumulated about 40 volatile mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxigenated terpenes and aliphatic aldehydes. Upon five subcultivations the best yielding callus contained about 5% (186 mg × kg-1 wet wt) of the volatiles found in peel tissue (exo/mesocarp section), and about the twentyfold amount of that found in the fleshy endocarp. The composition of the essential oils from most of the cell cultures equalled grapefruit peel oil, but was shifted to a more fruit flesh-like composition, after the concentration of gellan gum in the medium was increased from 3 to 9 g per L. C. limon produced 11 monoterpenes and n-nonanal (40 mg × kg-1 wet wt max.), and C.aurantifolia yielded limonene only (4.4 mg × kg-1 wet wt max.). For all of the indicated species chlorophyll content and accumulation of volatiles were positively correlated. Addition of exogenous valencene to suspended cells of C.paradisi led to a stable concentration of the conversion product nootkatone. This stably maintained level suggested that a decreased catabolism of available carbon sources might have accounted for the significant accumulation of essential oil constituents.

AB - Heterotrophically or photomixotrophically initiated callus cultures of Citrus paradisi, C. limon and C.aurantifolia were grown on different nutrient media and under different light regimes. Calli of C.paradisi that contained > 140 mg chlorophyll per kg wet weight accumulated about 40 volatile mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxigenated terpenes and aliphatic aldehydes. Upon five subcultivations the best yielding callus contained about 5% (186 mg × kg-1 wet wt) of the volatiles found in peel tissue (exo/mesocarp section), and about the twentyfold amount of that found in the fleshy endocarp. The composition of the essential oils from most of the cell cultures equalled grapefruit peel oil, but was shifted to a more fruit flesh-like composition, after the concentration of gellan gum in the medium was increased from 3 to 9 g per L. C. limon produced 11 monoterpenes and n-nonanal (40 mg × kg-1 wet wt max.), and C.aurantifolia yielded limonene only (4.4 mg × kg-1 wet wt max.). For all of the indicated species chlorophyll content and accumulation of volatiles were positively correlated. Addition of exogenous valencene to suspended cells of C.paradisi led to a stable concentration of the conversion product nootkatone. This stably maintained level suggested that a decreased catabolism of available carbon sources might have accounted for the significant accumulation of essential oil constituents.

KW - Cell Culture

KW - Citrus

KW - Limonene

KW - Oligoprenoids

KW - Photomixotrophy

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0030481283&partnerID=8YFLogxK

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:0030481283

VL - 51

SP - 657

EP - 666

JO - Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung - Section C Journal of Biosciences

JF - Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung - Section C Journal of Biosciences

SN - 0939-5075

IS - 9-10

ER -