TY - JOUR

T1 - A global synthesis of the effects of diversified farming systems on arthropod diversity within fields and across agricultural landscapes

AU - Lichtenberg, Elinor M.

AU - Kennedy, Christina M.

AU - Kremen, Claire

AU - Batáry, Peter

AU - Berendse, Frank

AU - Bommarco, Riccardo

AU - Bosque-Pérez, Nilsa A.

AU - Carvalheiro, Luisa G.

AU - Snyder, William E.

AU - Williams, Neal M.

AU - Winfree, Rachael

AU - Klatt, Björn K.

AU - Åström, Sandra

AU - Benjamin, Faye

AU - Brittain, Claire

AU - Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca

AU - Clough, Yann

AU - Danforth, Bryan

AU - Diekötter, Tim

AU - Eigenbrode, Sanford D.

AU - Ekroos, Johan

AU - Elle, Elizabeth

AU - Freitas, Breno M.

AU - Fukuda, Yuki

AU - Gaines-Day, H.R.

AU - Grab, H.

AU - Gratton, C.

AU - Holzschuh, A.

AU - Isaacs, R.

AU - Isaia, M.

AU - Jha, S.

AU - Jonason, D.

AU - Jones, V.P.

AU - Klein, A.-M.

AU - Krauss, J.

AU - Letourneau, D.K.

AU - Macfadyen, S.

AU - Mallinger, R.E.

AU - Martin, E.A.

AU - Martinez, E.

AU - Memmott, J.

AU - Morandin, L.

AU - Neame, L.

AU - Otieno, M.

AU - Park, M.G.

AU - Pfiffner, L.

AU - Pocock, M.J.O.

AU - Ponce, C.

AU - Potts, S.G.

AU - Poveda, K.

N1 - Funding information: We thank Kayla Fillion and Gavin Smetzler for data assistance, and Lea D. Schneider for help with the graphical abstract. EML and DC were supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2014-51106-22096. BMF was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq, Brasília, Brazil #305062/ 2007-7. SGP and MO were supported by the Felix Trust and STEP Project (EC FP7 244090). National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grant/ Award Number: 2014-51106-22096; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq, Grant/ Award Number: 305062/2007-7; Felix Trust; STEP Project, Grant/Award Number: EC FP7 244090

PY - 2017/10/5

Y1 - 2017/10/5

N2 - Agricultural intensification is a leading cause of global biodiversity loss, which can reduce the provisioning of ecosystem services in managed ecosystems. Organic farming and plant diversification are farm management schemes that may mitigate potential ecological harm by increasing species richness and boosting related ecosystem services to agroecosystems. What remains unclear is the extent to which farm management schemes affect biodiversity components other than species richness, and whether impacts differ across spatial scales and landscape contexts. Using a global metadataset, we quantified the effects of organic farming and plant diversification on abundance, local diversity (communities within fields), and regional diversity (communities across fields) of arthropod pollinators, predators, herbivores, and detritivores. Both organic farming and higher in-field plant diversity enhanced arthropod abundance, particularly for rare taxa. This resulted in increased richness but decreased evenness. While these responses were stronger at local relative to regional scales, richness and abundance increased at both scales, and richness on farms embedded in complex relative to simple landscapes. Overall, both organic farming and in-field plant diversification exerted the strongest effects on pollinators and predators, suggesting these management schemes can facilitate ecosystem service providers without augmenting herbivore (pest) populations. Our results suggest that organic farming and plant diversification promote diverse arthropod metacommunities that may provide temporal and spatial stability of ecosystem service provisioning. Conserving diverse plant and arthropod communities in farming systems therefore requires sustainable practices that operate both within fields and across landscapes.

AB - Agricultural intensification is a leading cause of global biodiversity loss, which can reduce the provisioning of ecosystem services in managed ecosystems. Organic farming and plant diversification are farm management schemes that may mitigate potential ecological harm by increasing species richness and boosting related ecosystem services to agroecosystems. What remains unclear is the extent to which farm management schemes affect biodiversity components other than species richness, and whether impacts differ across spatial scales and landscape contexts. Using a global metadataset, we quantified the effects of organic farming and plant diversification on abundance, local diversity (communities within fields), and regional diversity (communities across fields) of arthropod pollinators, predators, herbivores, and detritivores. Both organic farming and higher in-field plant diversity enhanced arthropod abundance, particularly for rare taxa. This resulted in increased richness but decreased evenness. While these responses were stronger at local relative to regional scales, richness and abundance increased at both scales, and richness on farms embedded in complex relative to simple landscapes. Overall, both organic farming and in-field plant diversification exerted the strongest effects on pollinators and predators, suggesting these management schemes can facilitate ecosystem service providers without augmenting herbivore (pest) populations. Our results suggest that organic farming and plant diversification promote diverse arthropod metacommunities that may provide temporal and spatial stability of ecosystem service provisioning. Conserving diverse plant and arthropod communities in farming systems therefore requires sustainable practices that operate both within fields and across landscapes.

KW - agricultural management schemes

KW - arthropod diversity

KW - biodiversity

KW - evenness

KW - functional groups

KW - landscape complexity

KW - meta-analysis

KW - organic farming

KW - plant diversity

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85019045930&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1111/gcb.13714

DO - 10.1111/gcb.13714

M3 - Article

VL - 23

SP - 4946

EP - 4957

JO - Global change biology

JF - Global change biology

SN - 1354-1013

IS - 11

ER -