TY - JOUR

T1 - 4D printing of recoverable buckling-induced architected iron-based shape memory alloys

AU - Jafarabadi, A.

AU - Ferretto, I.

AU - Mohri, M.

AU - Leinenbach, C.

AU - Ghafoori, E.

N1 - The authors thank voestalpine BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG for providing the powders for the LPBF experiments. The support of re-fer AG in providing Fe-SMAs for the test specimens is gratefully acknowledged. Furthermore, the authors would like to thank the laboratory staff of the Structural Engineering Research Laboratory at Empa for their support in performing the experiments.

PY - 2023/9

Y1 - 2023/9

N2 - Architected materials exhibit extraordinary properties in comparison with conventional materials and structures, resulting in additional functionality and efficiency by engineering the geometry in harmony with the base material. Buckling-induced architected materials (BIAMs) are a class of architected materials that exhibit a significant potential to absorb and dissipate energy owing to their local instabilities. Previous studies have shown a trade-off between energy dissipation and geometrical recoverability in metallic BIAM, which limits their use in applications that require both of these features. This study, for the first time, presents 4D printing of buckling-induced architected iron-based shape memory alloys (BIA Fe-SMAs) using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The results show that 4D printing of BIA Fe-SMAs can offer both energy dissipation and geometrical recoverability (i.e., recentring). The study was conducted on two different alloy compositions of Fe-17Mn-5Si-10Cr-4Ni. Quasi-static cyclic tests were performed on the two BIA Fe-SMAs, and the samples were subsequently heated to 200 °C to activate the shape memory effect (SME) of the base material. The samples could recover the residual deformations accumulated during the cyclic load owing to the SME of the base material, which led to shape-recovery ratios of 96.8 and 98.7% for the studied BIA Fe-SMAs. The results of this study demonstrate that 4D printing of BIA Fe-SMAs can yield an enhanced multi-functional behavior by combining the material's inherent functional behavior with the functionalities of the architected structure. Notably, BIA Fe-SMA samples could reconfigure their initial shape without damage after densification, which sets them apart from conventional crushable lattices.

AB - Architected materials exhibit extraordinary properties in comparison with conventional materials and structures, resulting in additional functionality and efficiency by engineering the geometry in harmony with the base material. Buckling-induced architected materials (BIAMs) are a class of architected materials that exhibit a significant potential to absorb and dissipate energy owing to their local instabilities. Previous studies have shown a trade-off between energy dissipation and geometrical recoverability in metallic BIAM, which limits their use in applications that require both of these features. This study, for the first time, presents 4D printing of buckling-induced architected iron-based shape memory alloys (BIA Fe-SMAs) using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The results show that 4D printing of BIA Fe-SMAs can offer both energy dissipation and geometrical recoverability (i.e., recentring). The study was conducted on two different alloy compositions of Fe-17Mn-5Si-10Cr-4Ni. Quasi-static cyclic tests were performed on the two BIA Fe-SMAs, and the samples were subsequently heated to 200 °C to activate the shape memory effect (SME) of the base material. The samples could recover the residual deformations accumulated during the cyclic load owing to the SME of the base material, which led to shape-recovery ratios of 96.8 and 98.7% for the studied BIA Fe-SMAs. The results of this study demonstrate that 4D printing of BIA Fe-SMAs can yield an enhanced multi-functional behavior by combining the material's inherent functional behavior with the functionalities of the architected structure. Notably, BIA Fe-SMA samples could reconfigure their initial shape without damage after densification, which sets them apart from conventional crushable lattices.

KW - 3D and 4D metal printing

KW - Architected materials

KW - Energy absorption

KW - Energy dissipation

KW - Fe-based shape memory alloys

KW - Laser powder bed fusion

KW - Shape recovery

KW - Snap-through

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85168409527&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112216

DO - 10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112216

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85168409527

VL - 233

JO - Materials and design

JF - Materials and design

SN - 0264-1275

M1 - 112216

ER -