TY - JOUR

T1 - 3D organ models

T2 - Revolution in pharmacological research?

AU - Weinhart, Marie

AU - Hocke, Andreas

AU - Hippenstiel, Stefan

AU - Kurreck, Jens

AU - Hedtrich, Sarah

N1 - Funding Information: Financial support by the Berlin-Brandenburg research platform BB3R and the “Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung” (BfR; 1328-566 ) is gratefully acknowledged by S.He. This work was also supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG SFB-TR84 ) to A.C.H. and S.Hi. (B6 and TF1) and A.C.H (Z1a) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, RAPID-Network to A.C.H. and S.Hi and FKZ13N13523 to M.W.). Further financial support to J.K. from the “Stiftung zur Förderung der Erforschung von Ersatz- und Ergänzungsmethoden zur Einschränkung von Tierversuchen” (Stiftung SET) and the “Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung” ( 1328-568 ) is gratefully acknowledged. Moreover, we thank Dr. Andrea Marzoll and Dr. Roland Frötschl from the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices in Germany for their valuable help and insights in decision processes of regulatory authorities. Dr. Guy Yealland’s help in language editing is gratefully acknowledged and we are thankful to Johanna Berg, Thomas Hiller and Anna Löwa for providing images of 3D printed models and figure design. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

PY - 2019/1

Y1 - 2019/1

N2 - 3D organ models have gained increasing attention as novel preclinical test systems and alternatives to animal testing. Over the years, many excellent in vitro tissue models have been developed. In parallel, microfluidic organ-on-a-chip tissue cultures have gained increasing interest for their ability to house several organ models on a single device and interlink these within a human-like environment. In contrast to these advancements, the development of human disease models is still in its infancy. Although major advances have recently been made, efforts still need to be intensified. Human disease models have proven valuable for their ability to closely mimic disease patterns in vitro, permitting the study of pathophysiological features and new treatment options. Although animal studies remain the gold standard for preclinical testing, they have major drawbacks such as high cost and ongoing controversy over their predictive value for several human conditions. Moreover, there is growing political and social pressure to develop alternatives to animal models, clearly promoting the search for valid, cost-efficient and easy-to-handle systems lacking interspecies-related differences. In this review, we discuss the current state of the art regarding 3D organ as well as the opportunities, limitations and future implications of their use.

AB - 3D organ models have gained increasing attention as novel preclinical test systems and alternatives to animal testing. Over the years, many excellent in vitro tissue models have been developed. In parallel, microfluidic organ-on-a-chip tissue cultures have gained increasing interest for their ability to house several organ models on a single device and interlink these within a human-like environment. In contrast to these advancements, the development of human disease models is still in its infancy. Although major advances have recently been made, efforts still need to be intensified. Human disease models have proven valuable for their ability to closely mimic disease patterns in vitro, permitting the study of pathophysiological features and new treatment options. Although animal studies remain the gold standard for preclinical testing, they have major drawbacks such as high cost and ongoing controversy over their predictive value for several human conditions. Moreover, there is growing political and social pressure to develop alternatives to animal models, clearly promoting the search for valid, cost-efficient and easy-to-handle systems lacking interspecies-related differences. In this review, we discuss the current state of the art regarding 3D organ as well as the opportunities, limitations and future implications of their use.

KW - 3D printing

KW - Alternatives to animal testing

KW - Excised human tissue

KW - Organ model

KW - Pharmacological testing in vitro

KW - Tissue engineering

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85058018877&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.002

DO - 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.002

M3 - Article

C2 - 30395949

AN - SCOPUS:85058018877

VL - 139

SP - 446

EP - 451

JO - Pharmacological Research

JF - Pharmacological Research

SN - 1043-6618

ER -